Derivatives of Some Transcendental Functions

Arfred L. Natividad

Siena College of Taytay

Integrated Basic Education Department
Senior High School

March 13, 2020

Contents
1 Derivative of Trigonometric Functions 2

2 Derivative of Logarithmic Functions 4

3 Derivative of Exponential Functions 6

1
1 Derivative of Trigonometric Functions
Let u be a differentiable function of x
d du d
dx (sin u) = cos u · dx dx (csc u) = − csc u cot u · du
dx
d du d
dx (cos u) = − sin u · dx dx (sec u) = sec u tan u · du
dx
d du d
2
dx (tan u) = sec u · dx dx (cot u) = − csc2 u · du
dx

Examples.

1. y = − csc x − sin x
dy du du
dx = −(− csc u cot u · dx ) − cos u · dx
dy
dx = csc x cot x − cos x

2. y = 3 sec 6x

du
u = 6x =6
dx
dy du
dx = 3 sec u tan u · dx
dy
dx = 3 sec 6x tan 6x · 6
dy
dx = 18 sec 6x tan 6x

3. y = tan2 4x
Use General Power Rule
u = 4x
du
=4
dx
dy d
dx = 2 tan 4x · dx (tan 4x)
dy 2 du
dx = 2 tan 4x · sec u · dx
dy 2
dx = 2 tan 4x · sec 4x · 4
dy 2
dx = 8 tan 4x sec 4x

4. y = x3 cos2 5x

g = cos2 5x
d
f = x3 g 0 = 2 cos 5x · (cos 5x)
dx
f 0 = 3x2 g 0 = 2 cos 5x · − sin 5x · 5
g 0 = −10 cos 5x sin 5x

Note: (f g)0 = f g 0 + gf 0
dy 3 2 2
dx = x · −10 cos 5x sin 5x + cos 5x · 3x
dy 3 2 2
dx = −10x cos 5x sin 5x + 3x cos 5x
dy 2
dx = −x cos 5x(10 sin 5x + 3 cos 5x)

2
5. f (x) = x + cot x
f 0(x) = 1 + (− csc2 x)
f 0(x) = 1 − csc2 x

N ote : 1 − csc2 x = − cot2 x

f 0(x) = − cot2 x

6. r = cos θ cot θ

f = cos θ g = cot θ
f 0 = − sin θ g 0 = − csc2 θ

Note: (f g)0 = f g 0 + gf 0
dr
dθ = cos θ · − csc2 θ + cot θ · − sin θ
dr
dθ = − cos θ csc2 θ − cot θ sin θ
cos θ
N ote : cot θ =
sin θ
dr 2 cosθ
dθ = − cos θ csc θ − sin θ sin θ
dr 2
dθ = − cos θ csc θ − cos θ
dr 2
dθ = − cos θ(csc θ + 1)

√ √ √ 1
7. y = sin3 x + sin x =⇒ y = sin3 x + (sin x) 3
3

√ √ 1
y 0 = 3 sin2 x · dx
d
(sin x) + 13 (sin x) 3 −1 · dx
d
(sin x)
√ 1
Skratz : ( x)0 = √
2 x
√
√ 0 1 cos x√
(sin x) = cos x · √ = √
2 x 2 x
√ √ 2
cos√ x
y 0 = 3 sin2 x·2 x
+ 13 (sin x)− 3 · cos x
√ √
3 sin2 √
x cos x
y0 = 2 x
+ cos x 2
3(sin x) 3

8. y = cot4 t − sin4 t
y = (cos2 t − sin2 t)(cos2 t + sin2 t)

N ote : cos2 t − sin2 t = cos 2t

cos2 t + sin2 t = 1
y = (cos 2t)(1)
y 0 = sin 2t · 2
y 0 = 2 sin 2t

3
2 Derivative of Logarithmic Functions
Recall. Let M, N, b ∈ R+ , b 6= 1 and P ∈ R then

M
logb M N = logb M + logb N logb = logb M − logb N
N
logb M P = P · logb M P
logb b = P
blogb P = P ln eP = P
eln P = P loge P = ln P

Let u be a differentiable function of x, then

d 1 du
(ln u) = · ,u > 0
dx u dx
Let a ∈ R+ where a 6= 1 and let u be a differentiable function of x, then
d 1 du
(loga u) = ·
dx u(ln a) dx

Examples.

1. f (x) = ln(3 − 5x)

du
u = 3 − 5x = −5
dx
f 0 (x) = 1
u· du
dx
f 0 (x) = 1
3−5x · −5
−5
f 0 (x) = 3−5x

2. f (x) = ln(2x2 + 3)
du
u = 2x2 + 3 = 4x
dx
f 0 (x) = 1
u
du
·
dx
f 0 (x) = 1
2x2 +3 · 4x
0
f (x) = 2x4x
2 +3

3. f (x) = ln(sec x)
du
u = sec x = sec x tan x
dx
f 0 (x) = 1
u · du
dx
f 0 (x) = 1
sec x · sec x tan x
f 0 (x) = tan x

4. f (x) = x2 ln x

f = x2 g = ln x
1
f 0 = 2x g0 =
x

Note: (f g)0 = f g 0 + gf 0
f 0 (x) = x2 · x1 + ln x · 2x
f 0 (x) = x + 2x ln x or f 0 (x) = x(1 + 2 ln x)

4
5. y = ln x4
y = 4 ln x (Power Rule of Logarithm)
y 0 = 4 · x1
y0 = 4
x

ln x
6. y = x

f = ln x g=x
1
f0 = g0 = 1
x

gf 0 −f g 0
Note: ( fg )0 = g2
1
x· x −ln x·1
y0 = x2
y 0 = 1−ln
x2
x

7. y = log10 2x
du
u = 2x =2
dx
a = 10
y0 = 1 du
u(ln a) · dx
y0 = 1
2x(ln 10) · 2

y0 = 1
x(ln 10)

√
x x−1
8. y = log3 2
√
y = log3 x x − 1 − √log3 2 (Quotient Rule of Logarithm)
y = (log3 x + log3 x − 1) − log3 2 (Product Rule of Logarithm)
1
y = log3 x + log3 (x − 1) 2 − log3 2
y = log3 x + 12 log3 (x − 1) − log3 2 (Power Rule of Logarithm)
du1
Skratz : u1 = x =1 a1 = 3
dx
du2
u2 = x − 1 =1 a2 = 3
dx
d
N ote : (log3 2) = 0
dx
du1 du2
y0 = 1 1
u1 (ln a1 ) · dx + u2 (ln a2 ) · dx
y0 = 1 1 1
x(ln 3) + 2 · (x−1)(ln 3)
y0 = 1 1
x(ln 3) + 2(x−1)(ln 3)

LCD: 2x(x − 1)(ln 3)

2(x−1)+x
y0 = 2x(x−1)(ln 3)
y0 = 2x−2+x
2x(x−1)(ln 3)

y0 = 3x−2
2x(x−1)(ln 3)

9. y = sin(ln x)
du 1
u = ln x =
dx x

5
 y 0 = cos u · du
dx
y 0 = cos(ln x) · 1
x
cos(ln x)
y0 = x

3 Derivative of Exponential Functions

Let a ∈ R+ where a 6= 1 and let u be a differentiable function of x, then
d u du
(a ) = au (ln a) ·
dx dx
d u du
(e ) = eu ·
dx dx
Examples.
2
1. f (x) = e−x
du
u = −x2 = −2x
dx
f 0 (x) = eu · du
dx
2
f 0 (x) = e−x · −2x
2
f 0 (x) = −2xe−x
3
2. f (x) = e x2
3 du du 6
u= =⇒ u = 3x−2 = −6x−3 =⇒ =− 3
x2 dx dx x
f 0 (x) = eu · du
dx
3
f 0 (x) = e x2 · − x63
3
2
f 0 (x) = − 6exx3

3. f (x) = e− cos 2x

du du
u = − cos 2x = −(− sin 2x · 2) =⇒ = 2 sin 2x
dx dx
f 0 (x) = eu · du
dx
f 0 (x) = e− cos 2x · 2 sin 2x
f 0 (x) = 2e− cos 2x sin 2x

4. f (x) = arctan(e−2x )
du
u = e−2x = −2e−2x
dx
du
f 0 (x) = dx
1+u2
−2e−2x
f 0 (x) = 1+(e−2x )2
2e−2x
f 0 (x) = − 1+e −4x
2
f 0 (x) = − 1+e2x1
e4x
2
0 e2x
f (x) = − e4x +1
e4x
e4x
f 0 (x) = − e2x
2
· e4x +1
2x
f 0 (x) = − e2e
4x +1

6
5. f (x) = 34x
du
u = 4x =4
dx
a=3
f 0 (x) = au (ln a) · du
dx
f 0 (x) = 34x (ln 3) · 4
f 0 (x) = 4(ln 3)34x
x
1+e
6. f (x) = ln( 1−e x)

f (x) = ln(1 + ex ) − ln(1 − ex ) (Quotient Rule of Logarithm)

du1
Skratz : u1 = 1 + ex = ex
dx
du2
u2 = 1 − ex = −ex
dx
du1 du2
f 0 (x) = 1 1
u1 · dx − u2 · dx
f 0 (x) = 1 x 1
1+ex · e − 1−ex · −e
x
x x
−e
f 0 (x) = e
1+ex − 1−ex
ex ex
f 0 (x) = 1+ex + 1−ex
ex (1−ex )+ex (1+ex )
f 0 (x) = (1+ex )(1−ex )
ex −e2x +ex +e2x
f 0 (x) = (1+ex )(1−ex )
2ex
f 0 (x) = (1+ex )(1−ex )
2ex
f 0 (x) = 1−e2x

ex −e−x
7. y = 2

f = ex − e−x g=2
0
f =e +e x −x
g0 = 0

gf 0 −f g 0
Note: ( fg )0 = g2
2(ex +e−x )−(ex −e−x )(0)
y0 = (2)2
2(ex +e−x )
y0 = 4
ex +e−x
y0 = 2

8. y = x2 ex − 2xex + 2ex
y 0 = x2 · ex + ex · 2x − (2x · ex + ex · 2) + 2ex
y 0 = x2 ex + 2ex x − 2ex x − 2ex + 2ex
y 0 = x2 ex

9. y = x−3 e−2x

f = x−3 g = e−2x
f 0 = −3x−4 g 0 = −2e−2x

Note: (f g)0 = f g 0 + gf 0

7
 y 0 = x−3 · −2e−2x + e−2x · −3x−4
y 0 = −2x−3 e−2x − 3x−4 e−2x
y 0 = −x−4 e−2x (2x + 3)
y 0 = − x2x+3
4 e2x

10. y = x2 + x4 e−2 ln x

N ote : e−2 ln x = (eln x )−2

where eln x = x =⇒ (eln x )−2 = x−2 or 1
x2
1
y = x2 + x4 · x2
y = x2 + x2
y = 2x2
y 0 = 4x