MATH161(13) Calculus I 2016 exam 2

1. Evaluate the integral

∫
(x − 1)2 tan−1 (2x) − 12x3 − 3x
dx.
(4x2 + 1)(x − 2)2

Solution.
∫
(x − 1)2 tan−1 (2x) − 12x3 − 3x
dx
(4x2 + 1)(x − 2)2
∫ ∫
tan−1 (2x) −3x
= dx + dx (2x = tan θ)
(2x)2 + 1 (x − 2)2
∫ ∫ ( )
1 −3 −6
= θdθ + + dx
2 x − 2 (x − 2)2
1 1
= θ2 − 3 ln |x − 2| + 6 + C (C : constant)
4 x−2
1( )2 6
= tan−1 (2x) − 3 ln |x − 2| + +C
4 x−2
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2. Evaluate the integral

∫ 1/2
1
√ dx.
−1/2 x − 1 − x2

Solution.
∫ 1/2
1
√ dx (x = sin θ)
−1/2 x − 1 − x2
∫ π/6
cos θ
= dθ
−π/6 sin θ − cos θ
∫π/6
cos θ(sin θ + cos θ)
= dθ
−π/6 sin2 θ − cos2 θ
∫ π/6 1
2
sin 2θ − 1+cos
2
2θ
= dθ
−π/6 − cos 2θ
∫ π/6
1
=− (tan 2θ + sec 2θ + 1) dθ
2 −π/6
[ ]π/6
1 1 1
=− ln |cos 2θ| + ln |tan 2θ + sec 2θ| + θ
2 2 2 −π/6
1 ( √ √ ) π
=− ln(2 + 3) − ln(2 − 2) −
4 6
1 ( √ ) π
= − ln 7 + 4 3 −
4 6
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1
3. Determine if the following improper integral converges :
∫ 1 ( )
ex cos πx
√ 2
dx.
0 x + sin−1 x
10

Solution. Since 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, then ex ≥ 1. Then

∫ 1 ( ) ∫ 1 ( πx )
cos πx e x
cos
√ 2
−1
dx ≤ √ 2
dx.
0
10
x + sin x 0 x + sin−1 x
10

And, since sin−1 ≥ x, then

∫ 1 ( ) ∫ 1 x ( )
ex cos πx e cos πx
√ 2
−1
dx ≤ √ 2
dx.
10 10
x +x
0 x + sin x 0

Also, we have
∫ ( ) ∫ 1 ( πx ) ∫ 1
1
ex cos πx e cos e
√ 2
dx ≤ √ 2
dx ≤ √ dx = 2e.
0
10
x +x 0 x 0 x
∫1 ex cos( πx
)
Since 0
√ 2
dx ≥ 0 on [0, 1], then
x10 +sin−1 x
∫ ( πx )
1
ex cos
0≤ √ 2
dx ≤ 2e.
0 x + sin−1 x
10

Therefore, the improper integral is convergent. J

∫1
4. Find all (p, q) such that the improper integral 0 xp (ln x)q dx converges.

Solution. J
x2
5. Find the area of the surface generated by rotating the curve y = 2
, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1,
about the x-axis.

Solution. y ′ = x
∫ ∫ √
S= 2πyds = 2πy 1 + (y ′ )2 dx
∫
x2 √1
= 1 + x2 dx
2π
0 2
∫ 1 √
=π x2 1 + x2 dx (x = tan theta)
0
∫ π/4 √
=π tan2 θ 1 + tan2 θ sec2 θdθ
0
∫ π/4 ∫ π/4
( 5 )
=π 2 3
tan θ sec θdθ = π sec θ − sec3 θ dθ
(0∫ ∫
0
)
π/4 π/4
=π sec5 θdθ − sec3 θdθ
0 0

2
 We know that
∫
sec xdx = ln | sec x + tan x| + C
∫
1 1
sec3 xdx = sec x tan x + ln | sec x + tan x| + C,
2 2
∫ ∫
5 1 3 3
sec xdx = sec x tan x + sec3 xdx + C,
4 4
( )
1 3 1 1
3
= sec x tan x + sec x tan x + ln | sec x + tan x| + C1
4 4 2 2
1 3 3
= sec3 x tan x + sec x tan x + ln | sec x + tan x| + C1 .
4 8 8
Therefore,
(∫ ∫ π/4 )
π/4
S =π sec5 θdθ − sec3 θdθ
0 0
( ∫ )
1[ 3 ]π/4 1 π/4 3
=π sec θ tan θ 0 − sec θdθ
4 4 0
( )
1 √ 1
=π · 2 2 − [sec θ tan θ + ln | sec θ + tan θ|]0
π/4
4 8
(√ )
2 1 (√ √ )
=π − 2 + ln( 2 + 1)
2 8
( )
3√ 1 √
=π 2 − ln ( 2 + 1) .
8 8
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6. Find the area enclosed by one loop of the curve C which is defined by
1 1
C : x(t) = (sin t + sin 3t) and y(t) = (cos t − cos 3t)
2 2
for t ∈ (−∞, ∞).

Solution.
1
x(t) = (sin t + sin 3t) = sin 2t cos t
2
1
y(t) = (cos t − cos 3t) = sin 2t sin t
2
⇒ r2 = x2 + y 2 = sin2 2t ⇒ r = ± sin 2t or r2 = 1−cos 2
4t

∫ π/4 ∫ π/4
1 2
A =2 r dθ = sin2 2θdθ
0 2 0
∫ π/4 [ ]π/4
1 − cos 4θ 1 sin 4θ 1 π π
= dθ = θ− = · =
0 2 2 4 0 2 4 8
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7. A curve is defined by the parametric equations
∫ t ∫ t
cos u sin u
x(t) = du and y(t) = du for t ≥ 1.
1 u 1 u
Find the length of the arc of the curve from the origin to the nearest point where
there is a vertical tangent line.

Solution.
cos t sin t
x′ (t) = , y ′ (t) =
t t
⇒ dy
dx
= sin t
cos t
⇒ cos t = 0 and sin t ̸= 0 ⇒ t = 2 π

∫ π/2 √ 2 ∫ π/2
cos t sin2 t 1 π
L= 2
+ 2 dt = dt = ln
1 t t 1 t 2
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8. Let n be a positive integer. Find the area of the region that lies inside the curve
r = 5 + sin nθ − cos nθ and outside of the circle x2 + y 2 = 25.

Solution. √ ( π)
r =5+ 2 sin nθ −
4
period : 2π
n
⇒ 4nπ
≤ θ ≤ 5π4n
∫ 5π/(4n)
1 1 π
A =n (5 + sin nθ − cos nθ)2 dθ − 52
π/(4n) 2 2 n
∫ 5π/(4n)
n ( ) 25
= 25 + sin2 nθ + cos2 nθ + 10 sin nθ − 10 cos nθ − sin 2nθ dθ − π
2 π/(4n) 2
[ ]5π/(4n)
n 10 10 1 25
= 26θ − cos nθ − sin nθ + cos 2nθ − π
2 n n 2n π/(4n) 2
(
n π 10 5π 10 5π 1 5π
= 26 − cos − sin + cos
2 n n 4 n 4 2n 2
)
10 π 10 π 1 π 25
+ cos + sin − cos − π
n 4 n 4 2n 2 2
( √ √ √ √ )
n π 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 25
= 26 + + + + − π
2 n n 2 n 2 n 2 n 2 2
( √ )
n 26 20 2 25
= π+ − π
2 n n 2
√ 25 1 √
=13π + 10 2 − π = π + 10 2
2 2
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