1091 ®Y01-03í +ãTŒU–

1. Compute the integrals.

8x − 4
(a) (6%) ∫ x(sin 2x + cos x)dx. (b) (9%) ∫ 2 2 dx.
x (x + 4)

Solution:
(a)

∫ x (sin(2 x) + cos x) dx

= ∫ x sin(2 x) dx + ∫ x cos x dx

−1
= x d cos(2 x) + ∫ x d sin x d cos(2 x) = −2 sin(2 x) dx (1pt)
2 ∫
d sin x = cos x dx (1pt)
−1
= (x cos(2 x) − ∫ cos(2 x) dx) IBP (2pts)
2
1
+ x sin x − ∫ sin x dx ∫ cos(2 x) dx = 2 sin(2 x) + C (0.5pt)
−1 1
= (x cos(2 x) − sin(2 x) dx) ∫ sin x dx = − cos x + C (0.5pt)
2 2
+ x sin x + cos x + C C (1pt)

(b)
8x − 4
x2 (x2+ 4)
A+Bx C D
= + 2+ partial fractions
x2 + 4 x x
1 − 2x 1 2
= 2 − + Solve ⇒ A = 1, B = −2, C = −1, D = 2 (4pts)
x + 4 x2 x

8x − 4
∫ x2 (x2 + 4) dx

1 2x 1 2
=∫ ( − 2 − 2 + ) dx use (a)
x2 +4 x +4 x x
1 x 1
= tan−1 ( ) − ln (x2 + 4) + + 2 ln x + C 4 integrals (4pts); C (1pt)
2 2 x

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 d √
2. (a) (3%) Evaluate and simplify ln ( x2 + 1 + x).
dx
(b) (5%) Evaluate ∫ sec x dx.
1 1
(c) (7%) Use (b) and trigonometric substitution to find ∫ √ dx.
0 x2 + 1
1 √
(d) (7%) Use (a) and integration by parts to evaluate the integral ∫ ln ( x2 + 1 + x) dx.
0

Solution:
(a)
−1
1
d √ (x2 + 1) 2 (2 x) + 1 1
ln ( x2 + 1 + x) = 2 √ (ln x)′ = (1pt) and chain rule (1pt)
dx x2 + 1 + x x
√
x2 + 1 + x 1
= √ √ multiply (x2 + 1) 2 (1pt)
( x2 + 1 + x)( x2 + 1)
1
=√
x2 + 1

(b)

sec x (sec x + tan x)

∫ sec x dx = ∫ sec x + tan x
dx multiply (sec x + tan x) (2pts)

d(sec x + tan x) d d
=∫ sec x = sec x tan x (1pt), tan x = sec2 x (1pt)
sec x + tan x dx dx
1
= ln ∣ sec x + tan x∣ + C ∫ x dx = ln ∣x∣ + C (1pt)

(c)

1 1
∫0 √ 2 dx x ∶= tan θ ⇒ dx = sec2 θ dθ (2pt)
x +1
x = 1 ⇒ θ = π/4 (0.5pt), x = 0 ⇒ θ = 0 (0.5pt)
π/4 1
=∫ sec2 θ dθ simplify (1pt)
0 sec θ
π/4
=∫ sec θ dθ use (b) (1pt)
0
π/4
= ln ∣ sec θ + tan θ∣ ∣ simplify (1pt)
0
√
= ln ∣ sec(π/4) + tan(π/4)∣ sec(π/4) = 2 (0.5pt); tan(π/4) = 1 (0.5pt)
√
= ln( 2 + 1)

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(d)
1 √
2
∫0 ln ( x + 1 + x) dx
√ 1 1 √ √
=x ln ( x2 + 1 + x) ∣ − ∫ x d ln ( x2 + 1 + x) IBP: u = ln ( x2 + 1 + x), v = x (2pts)
0 0
√ 1 dx
= ln( 2 + 1) − ∫ x√ evaluate bdy. term (1pt); use (a) (1pt)
0 x2 + 1
√ 1 1 x dx 1
= ln( 2 + 1) − (x2 + 1) 2 ∣ ∫ √ 2 = (x2 + 1) 2 (2pts)
0 x +1
√ √
= ln( 2 + 1) − 2 + 1 evaluate bdy. term (1pt)

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3. (a) (10%) Let R be the region bounded by y = cos x, y = sin 2x and x = 0 in the first quadrant.
Rotate R about the x-axis. Find the volume of the resulting solid.

Solution:
π
First, find intersection points of y = cos x and y = sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ .
2
1 π π
y = cos x = sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x ⇒ sin x = or cos x = 0 i.e. x = or .
2 6 2
π
Hence R is bounded by y = cos x and y = sin 2x, with 0 ≤ x ≤ . (2 pts for the range of x.)
6
By the disc method, the volume is
π
6
V = π ∫ (cos x)2 − (sin 2x)2 dx (2 pts for the formula.
0
π
1 pt for recognizing cos x ≥ sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ .)
6
π
6 1 + cos 2x 1 − cos 4x
= π∫ − dx (2 pts for half angle formulas)
0 2 2
π
π sin 2x sin 4x x= 6
= [ + ]∣ (2 pts for integrating cos 2x and cos 4x.)
2 2 4 x=0
√
3 3
= π (1 pt for the final answer.)
16
π
6
If Students write V = ∫ 2πx(cos x − sin 2x)dx = ⋯, they get 2 pts for the range of x
0
π π
(0 ≤ x ≤ ) and 1 pt for recognizing cos x ≥ sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ .
6 6
1 1 1 1
(b) (6%) (A) ∫ πx dx. (B) ∫ πx4 dx. (C) ∫ πx2 dx. (D) ∫ x2 dx.
0 0 0 0
Match each solid with the integral that represents its volume.

Integrals A B C D
Solid 2 1 4 3
1.5 pts for each answers.

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4. (8%) Find the length of the curve
x√
y = f (x) = ∫ t3 − 1 dt, 1 ≤ x ≤ 4.
1

Solution:
By the fundamental theorem of calculus
√
f ′ (x) = x3 − 1. (2%)

4√
length = ∫ 1 + f ′ (x)2 dx (2%)
1
4
=∫ x3/2 dx (2%)
1
62
= (2%).
5

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5. Let f (x) = xex . (When finding the following Taylor series, you don’t need to specify the range of
x for which the series equals the function.)
(a) (4%) Find the Taylor series for f (x) at x = 0.
x
(b) (7%) Calculate ∫ tet dt and find its Taylor series at x = 0.
0
∞
1
(c) (4%) Find the sum ∑ .
n=0 n!(n + 2)

Solution:
(a)

x x2 xn
f (x) = xex = x(1 + + +⋯+ + ⋯) (2%)
1! 2! n!
x2 x3 xn+1
=x+ + +⋯+ + ⋯ (2%).
1! 2! n!

(b)
x x
t t
∫0 te dt = ∫0 t de (2%)
= xex − ex + 1. (2%)

Use term-be-term integration for the Taylor expansion of tet in (a), we have
x x x t2 x t3 x tn+1
∫0 tet dt = ∫ t dt + ∫ dt + ∫ dx + ⋯ + ∫ dt + ⋯ (1%)
0 0 1! 0 2! 0 n!
x2 x3 x n+2
= + +⋯+ + ⋯. (2%)
2 3 ⋅ 1! (n + 2) ⋅ n!

(c) By (b), we have

x2 x3 xn+2
xex − ex + 1 = + +⋯+ + ⋯. (1%)
2 3 ⋅ 1! (n + 2) ⋅ n!

Put x = 1 (1%), we have

1 1 1 1
1= + + +⋯+ + ⋯. (2%)
2 3 ⋅ 1! 4 ⋅ 2! (n + 2) ⋅ n!

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6. (a) (6%) Find the Taylor series for f (x) = ln(1 − x2 ), g(x) = cos x − 1, and h(x) = sin(2x4 ) at x = 0.
(You don’t need to specify the range of x for which the function equals its Taylor series.)
(cos x − 1) ln(1 − x2 )
(b) (4%) Evaluate lim .
x→0 sin(2x4 )

Solution:
y2 y3 y n+1
(a) ln(1 − y) = −y − − −⋯− − ⋯, for −1 ≤ y < 1.
2 3 n+1
x4 x6 x2x+2
f (x) = ln(1 − x2 ) = −x2 − − −⋯− − ⋯, for −1 < x < 1
2 3 n+1
(1 pt for knowing the Taylor series for ln(1 − y). 1 pt for the Taylor series for f (x).)
x2 x4 x6 (−1)n x2n
cos x = 1 − + − +⋯+ + ⋯, for x ∈ R
2! 4! 6! (2n)!
x2 x4 x 6 (−1)n x2n
g(x) = cos x − 1 = − + − +⋯+ + ⋯ for x ∈ R
2! 4! 6! (2n)!
(1 pt for knowing the Taylor series for cos x. 1 pt for the Taylor series for g(x).)
y3 y5 (−1)n 2n+1
sin y = y − + + ⋯ + y +⋯
3! 5! (2n + 1)!
23 x12 (−1)n 22n+1 8n+4
h(x) = sin(2x4 ) = 2x4 − +⋯+ x +⋯
3! (2n + 1)!
(1 pt for knowing the Taylor series for sin y. 1 pt for the Taylor series for h(x).)

(b) Solution 1:
2 4 4
(cos x − 1) ln(1 − x2 ) (− x2 + x4! − ⋯)(−x2 − x2 − ⋯)
= (2 pts for plugging in Taylor series)
sin(2x4 ) 2x4 − 43 x12 + ⋯
1 4
x + ( 1 − 1 )x6 ⋯ 1
= 2 4 44 124! → as x → 0
2x − 3 x + ⋯ 4
(cos x − 1) ln(1 − x2 ) 1
Hence lim = (2 pts for final answers)
x→0 sin(2x4 ) 4

Solution 2:
(cos x − 1) ln(1 − x2 ) 00 − sin x ⋅ ln(1 − x2 ) + (cos x − 1) 1−x
−2x
2
lim 4
ÔÔ lim 4 3
x→0 sin(2x ) L’H x→0 cos(2x ) ⋅ 8x
2
sin x ln(1 − x ) 1 cos x − 1 −1
= lim − ( 2 4
)+( 2
)
x→0 x x 8 cos(2x ) x 4(1 − x ) cos(2x4 )
2

1 1 1
= + = .
8 8 4
(2 pts for using L’Hospital’s Rule and obtaining correct first derivatives. 2 pts for final
answers.)

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 √
4x2
cos( t)dt
∫0
7. (a) (6%) Compute lim by L’Hospital’s Rule.
x→0 x2
(b) (8%) Compute lim (1 + x)1/ ln x .
x→∞

Solution:
4x2 √
(a) As x → 0, ∫ cos( t)dt → 0 and x2 → 0.
0
Hence we can apply L’Hospital’s rule.
4x2 √ 0
∫0 cos( t)dt 0 cos(2∣x∣) ⋅ 8x
lim 2
ÔÔ lim =4
x→0 x L’H x→0 2x
d 4x2 √
(1 pt for using L’H rule. 3 pts for cos( t)dt)
dx ∫0
(2 pts for the final answer.)

(b)
1 1
ln(1 + x) ln x = ⋅ ln(1 + x) (2 pts)
ln x
1
ln(1 + x) ∞
ÔÔ lim 1+x
∞
lim (2 pts)
x→∞ ln x L’H x→∞ 1
x
x
= lim =1 (2 pts)
x→∞ 1 + x
1
Hence lim (1 + x) ln x = e1 = e (2 pts)
x→∞

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