mathcentre Facts and Formulas - Large print version - section: 12 of 12

Integration

R
f (x) f (x) dx = F (x) + c
k, constant kx + c
xn+1
xn, (n 6= −1) n+1
+c
ln x + c x>0
x−1 = 1
x ln(−x) + c x < 0
ex x
e +c
cos x sin x + c
sin x − cos x + c
tan x ln(sec x) + c − π2 < x < π2
sec x ln(sec x + tan x) + c − π2 < x < π2
cosec x ln(cosec x−cot x) + c 0<x<π
cot x ln(sin x) + c 0<x<π
cosh x sinh x + c
sinh x cosh x + c
tanh x ln cosh x + c
coth x ln sinh x + c x>0
1 1 −1 x
x2 +a2 a tan a +c a>0
1 1 x−a
x2 −a2 2a ln x+a +c |x| > a > 0
1 1 a+x
a2 −x2 2a
ln a−x +c |x| < a
√ 1
x2 +a2
sinh−1 xa + c a>0
√ 1
x2 −a2
cosh−1 xa + c x>a>0
√
√ 1 ln(x + x2 + k) + c
x2 +k
√ 1
a2 −x2
sin−1 xa + c −a 6 x 6 a
1
f (ax + b) a F (ax + b) + c a 6= 0
1
e.g. cos(2x − 3) 2
sin(2x − 3) + c

www.mathcentre.ac.uk c mathcentre 2009

 mathcentre Facts and Formulas - Large print version - section: 12 of 12

The linearity rule for integration

Z Z Z
(af (x) + bg(x)) dx = a f (x) dx + b g(x) dx,

(a, b constant)

Integration by substitution
du
Z Z
f (u) dx = f (u)du and
dx
Z b Z u(b)
du
f (u) dx = f (u)du
a dx u(a)

Integration by parts
Z b Z b
dv du
u dx = [uv]ba − v dx
a dx a dx

Alternative form:
Rb  R b R b df R
a f (x)g(x) dx = f (x) g(x)dx a − a dx g(x)dx dx

www.mathcentre.ac.uk c mathcentre 2009