ANSWER KEY

MATH 2104
Spring 2010
Take-Home Exam #1
Due April 20, 2010, 8:00 AM
Note: If the problem asks you to derive an expression for a
certain integral then you must write down an explicit derivation
to receive full credit. If the problem asks you to evaluate an
integral, then you may use formulas from a table or any formulas
that we derived in class.

(A) Derive an expression for

dx z
∫ Substitution :u= , where z =bx
2
√ a −( bx ) 2 a

z 1
If u= ⟹ du= dz ⟹ dz=bdx
a a

dx 1 dz 1 adu 1 adu
⟹∫ = ∫ = ∫ 2 = ∫ 2 ¿
2
√ a −( bx ) 2 b √ a −( z ) b √ a − ( au ) b √ a (1−u2 ¿ )
2 2 2

1 adu 1 du 1 1 z
¿ ∫ = ∫ = sin−1 u=¿ sin−1 ¿ ¿ ¿
b a √ (1−u ¿ ) b √(1−u ¿) b
2 2 b a

1 bx
¿ sin−1
b a

(B) Evaluate
π
12
3 dx 1
∫ 2
Hint : =secx
2 π cos 2 x cosx
6

1 1
Since sec= ⟹ sec 2 2 x= 2
cosx cos 2 x
 π π 3
12 12 π ∗1
3 dx 3 3 1 2
⟹ ∫ = ∫ sec 2 2 xdx=
2 π cos 2 x 2 π
2
2 2 [
{ tan2 x } ] 12
π
6
=
2
¿
6 6

3
¿− √
2

(C) Derive an expression for

dx
∫ xlnx Substitution :u=lnx
1
let u=lnx ⟹ du= dx
x

du
⟹∫ =lnu=ln |lnx|
u

(D) Derive an expression for

lnxdx
∫ Substitution :u=lnx
x

1
let u=lnx ⟹ du= dx
x
2
1 2 1
⟹∫ udu= u = ( lnu )
2 2

(E) Derive an expression for

∫ sin n cosxdx Substitution :u=sinx

If u=sinx ⟹ du=cosxdx

n un +1
n sin n+1 x
⟹∫ sin cosxdx=∫ u du= =¿ ¿
n+1 n+1

(F) Evaluate
π

∫ sin 2 cosxdx
0
 π
Using the reduction formula∈ pro blem ( E ) above we have ∫ sin 2 cosxdx =¿
0

π π
sin 2+1 x sin3 x sin3 π sin3 0 03 03
[ 2+1 0 ] [ ] ⟨ ⟩⟨ ⟩⟨ ⟩⟨ ⟩
=
3 0
=
3
−
3
=
3
−
3

¿0

(G) Determine if

−1 a
sinh −1
a x

is a valid expression for

dx
∫
x √ x 2−a 2

Note: You have to show the differentiation step by step to receive credit

¿ determine if

−1 a
sinh −1
a x

is a valid expression for the integral

dx
∫
x √ x 2−a 2

1 a
we differentiate − sinh−1
a x

1
¿ see if it is equal¿
x √ x2 −a2

d −1 a −1 1 1 1 1
dx a {
sinh −1 =
x a } a 2
−a
x(2)=
−1 −a
( )( )
a x2 a 2 2 ( )
=
x2 a 2
= ( 1x ) 1
a 2
( 1x ) √ ( a ) 1
= 2

√( ) x
+1
√( )
x
+1
√( )
x
+ ( 1 )2
√ {( )
x 2
x
+( 1 )
2
}
1
¿
x √ x2 +a 2
This does not equal
1
x √ x 2−a2

So,
−1 a
sinh −1
a x

Is NOT a valid expression for the integral

dx
∫
x √ x 2−a 2

(H) Determine if

−1 −1 a
sin
a x

Is a valid expression for

dx
∫ x ( x 2−a2 )
Note: You have to show the differentiation step by step to receive credit

¿ determine if

−1 −1 a
sin
a x

is a valid expression for the integr al

dx
∫ x ( x 2−a2 )
1 a
we differentiate − sin−1
a x

dx
¿ see if it is equal¿ 2 2
x(x −a )

d −1 −1 a −1 1
dx a {
sin
x
=
a } a 2 ( −ax )=( −1a )( −ax ) 1−1 a =( x1 )
2 2 2 2
1
a 2 ( 1x )
=
1
( 1x ) √ ( x ) 1−( a)
= 2 2

√ √ √
2

()
1−
x (x) 1− ()
x √{
2
x 1−
a
x ( )}
 1
¿
x √ x2 −a2

We note that this is the integral in problem (G) above. So while

−1 −1 a
sin
a x

Is NOT a valid expression for the integral

dx
∫ x ( x 2−a2 )
It is a valid expression for the integral

dx
∫
x √ x 2−a 2

In problem (G) above

(I) Evaluate
e

∫ ( ln x )2 dx
1

We use the reduction rule we determined in problem 1, in-class assignment

April 7;

∫ ( ln x )n dx=x ( ln x )n −n∫ ( ln x )n −1 dx
e
e
⟹∫ ( ln x )2 dx=[ x ( ln x )2−2∫ ( ln x )1 dx ]1
1

e
2 1 0
[
¿ x ( ln x ) −2 { x ( ln x ) −1∫ ( ln x ) dx } 1 ]
e
2
[
¿ x ( ln x ) −2 { x ln x−∫ dx } 1 ]
2 e
¿ [ x ( ln x ) −2 { x ln x −x } ]1

2 e
¿ [ x ( ln x ) −2 x ln x +2 x ]1

¿ ⟨ e ( ln e )2−2 e ln e+2 e ⟩ − ⟨ 1 ( ln 1 )2−2∗1∗ln 1+2∗1 ⟩

¿ ⟨ e ( 1 )2−2e∗1+2∗e ⟩ −⟨ 1∗ ( 0 )2−2∗1∗0+2∗1 ⟩
¿ ⟨ e−2e+2 e ⟩− ⟨ 0−0+2 ⟩

¿ ⟨ e ⟩− ⟨ 2 ⟩

¿ e−2

(J) Evaluate
1

∫ x 2 e x dx
0

We use the reduction formula derived∈ problem1 ,∈−class assignment April 6 ;

∫ x n e x dx=x n e x −n∫ xn −1 e x dx
1
1
⟹∫ x2 e x dx=[ x 2 e x −2∫ x 1 e x dx ]0
0

1
¿ x 2 e x −2 { x 1 e x −1∫ x 0 e x dx } 0
[ ]
1
¿ x 2 e x −2 { x 1 e x −∫ e x dx } 0
[ ]
1
¿ [ x 2 e x −2 { x1 e x −e x } ]0
1
¿ [ x 2 e x −2 x e x + 2 e x ]0

¿ ⟨ 12∗e 1−2∗1∗e 1+ 2¿ e 1 ⟩ −⟨ 02 ¿ e0 −2∗0∗e 0 +2 ¿ e0 ⟩

¿ ⟨ e−2∗e +2∗e ⟩− ⟨ 0−0+2∗1 ⟩

¿ ⟨ e ⟩− ⟨ 2 ⟩

¿ e−2

(K) Suppose that $100 is deposited in a savings account that pays 4% annual
interest compounded continuously. At what rate (in dollars per year) is it
earning interest after 10 yr? After 20 yr? After 40 yr?

To determine the instantaneous rate in dollars per year at exactly 5 years

means doing the following;

Because the interest is compounded continuously, we know the differential

equation is
dA
=rA
dt

dA
Where is the instantaneous rate.
dt

The solution to this differential equation is

At = A0 e rt

Now t h e amount of money earned after 5 years is;

A5 =100 e(.08 )(5) =149.18

This means the instantaneous rate is

dA
= ( 0.08 )( 149.18 ) =11.94
dt

For 20 years

A20=100 e (.08 )(20)=495.30

This means the instantaneous rate is

dA
= ( 0.08 )( 495.30 )=39.62
dt

For 40 years

A 40=100 e( .08) (40) =2453.25

This means the instantaneous rate is

dA
= ( 0.08 )( 2453.25 )=196.26
dt

(L) Suppose that a cylindrical tank (axis vertical) initially has a radius
of 1 foot and that its bottom hole is circular with radius 1 in (=1/12 ft).
How long will it take for the water, initially 10 ft deep, to drain
completely?

For this problem we are not given any times, but areas. To solve this
problem we can start with the following expression used in problem 42 above

A ( y ) dy=−a √ 2 gy dt
For a cylinder A ( y ) =π x 2=π r 2

⟹ π r 2 dy=−a √2 gy dt
−1
2 −a √2 g
⟹y dy= dt
π r2
−1
2 −a √2 g
⟹∫ y dy= ∫ dt
π r2
1
2 −a √ 2 g
⟹y = t +C
2 π r2

We know that y=0 when the tank is empty. If we let T be the time it takes to
empty the tank, then

−a √2 g
0= T +C
2 πr2

a √2 g
⟹ C= T
2 π r2
1
−a √ 2 g a √ 2 g
⟹ y 2= t+ T
2 π r2 2 π r2

Now y=y0 when t=0

a √2 g
⟹= T
2 π r2
1

⟹T=
( )
2 y0 π r2 2

a √2 g

( 2 ) ( √10) π 12 19.8691765
⟹T= = =113.86 s
2 0.1745
[ π ( 121 ) ] √ 2∗32
⟹ T =113.86 s=1 m53.86 s
(M) If it takes 200 minutes for the water to completely drain from a right circular cone which is 20 feet
high, how long does it take for the water to go from 20 feet to 10 feet? How long does it take for the
water to go from 10 feet to 4 feet? How long for the water to go from 4 ft to 0 ft (water is completely
drained)?

We can use the formula derived in problem III, Homework I, part A;

2
t
⟹ y ( t )= y 0 1− [ ]
T
5

For the time it takes the water to drain from 20 ft to 10 ft

2
t
⟹ 10=20 1− [ 200 ] 5

2
10 t
⟹
20
= 1−[200 ] 5

10 52 t
⟹ ( )
20
=1−
200
5
t 10
⟹
200
=1−
20 ( ) 2

5
10
⟹ t 20 → 10=200 1−
20{ ( )} 2
=200 { .8232 }=164.64 minutes=164 min 38 s

Now when we go from 10 ft to 4, T now becomes the time it takes to drain the
tank from 10 ft to 0 ft. Now

t 20→ 0=t 20 →10 +t 10 → 0

⟹ t 10 → 0=t 20→ 0−t 20→ 10

5
10 10 52
⟹ T 10 → 0=t 10→ 0=200−200 1−
20 { ( )} ( ) 2
=200
20
=35.35534 m=35 m21.32 s

Now to determine the time it takes to go from 10 ft to 4 ft

2 5 2
t 20
4=10 1−
[
200
10
( )
5
2
]
5
[ ( )]
=10 1−
10
2
t
5

20
 20 52
4 52 10 ( )
⟹
10 ( )=1−
200
t

5 5
10 4
⟹ t=200 ( ) { ( ) }=( 35.35534 ) {0.8988071 }=31.78 m=31 min 47 s
20
2
1−
10
2

Now

t 20→ 0=t 20 →10 +t 10 → 4 +t 4 → 0

⟹ t 4 →0 =t 20 → 0−t 20→ 10−t 10 → 4

⟹ t 2 → 0=200−164.64−31.7776=3.58 min=3 min35 sec