 In academic writing, passive voice is used to

describe a process, the results of study, or

similar material which is objective in nature.
But active voice is used to describe actions.
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not
important or not known, however, who or what is performing the
action.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the
following:
 the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the
passive sentence
 the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
 the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the
passive sentence (or is dropped)

EXAMPLE:
 Active: My grandfather planted this tree.
 Passive: This tree was planted by my grandfather.
Often in academic writing, we don't want to
focus on who is doing an action, but on who
is receiving or experiencing the action. The
passive voice is thus extremely useful in
academic writing because it allows writers to
highlight the most important participants or
events within sentences by placing them at
the beginning of the sentence.
 SIMPLE PRESENT: (S + Am/is/are + Ptp)
Tom cleans the house. The house is cleaned by Tom.
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS: (S + am/is/are + being + Ptp)
Sarah is writing the letter. The letter is being written by
Sarah.
 PRESENT PERFECT : (S + Have/has + been + Ptp)
He has delivered the letters. The letters have been delivered
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
(S+ have/has+ been +being+ Ptp)
John has been doing the work. The work has been being
done by John
 SIMPLE PAST
Sam repaired the car. The car was repaired by Sam.
 PAST CONTINUOUS
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.

 PAST PERFECT
George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.
Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's
license.
 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two
years. The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef
Jones for two years
 PAST FUTURE
I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM. I knew the work would be
finished by 5:00 PM.
 SIMPLE FUTURE
Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM. The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS
At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.
At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John.
 FUTURE PERFECT
They will have completed the project before the deadline.
The project will have been completed before the deadline
 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months.
The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six
months.
 GOING TO
Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.
A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight.
TENSE FORMULA
SIMPLE PRESENT (+) S + Am/is/are + Ptp
(-)S + am/is/are +not + ptp
(?) Am/Is/Are+ S + ptp

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (+) S + am/is/are + being + Ptp

(-)S + am/is/are + not +being+ ptp
(?) (Am/Is/Are) + S + being+ Ppt

PRESENT PERFECT (+) S + Have/has + been + Ptp

(-) S + have/has+ not + been + ptp
(?) (Have/Has) + S + been + ptp ?
TENSE FORMULA
SIMPLE PAST (+) S + Was/were + Ptp
(-) S + was/were + not + Ptp
(?) Was/Were+ S +PtpV ?
PAST CONTINUOUS (+) S + Was/were + being + Ptp
(-) S + was/were+ not +being+ Ptp
(?) Was/Were+ S + being+ Ptp?
PAST PERFECT (+) S +Had + been + Ptp
(-) S + had + not +been + Ptp
(?) Had + S + been + Ptp

PAST FUTURE Would + be + Ptp

SIMPLE FUTURE (+)Wil/shalll+ be + v3
(-) S + will/shall + not + be + Ptp
(?) Will/shall + S + be + Ptp?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS s will be being + past participle

FUTURE PERFECT will have been + past participle

GOING TO (+) S +(am/is/are) + going to + be + V3

(-) S + V (am/is/are) + not + going to +
be +Ptp
(?) V (am/is/are) + S + going to + be +
Ptp?
 Active: She sings the song beautifully.
 Passive: The song is beautifully sang ( by
her)
 The blue whale is generally classified as the
largest creature on earth.
ACTIVE MODAL AUXILIARY PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARY
Bob can mail it It can be mailed by Bob.
Bob may mail it It may be mailed by Bob.
Bob might mail it. It might be mailed by Bob.
Bob should mail it. It should be mailed by Bob.
Bob must mail it It must be mailed by Bob.
Bob ought to mail it It ought to be mailed by Bob.
 Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice
means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the
other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a
subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2

Active: Rita wrote a letter to me.

was
Passive: A letter to me by Rita.
written
was
Passive: I a letter by Rita.
written
1.He opens the door.
2.We set the table.
3.She pays a lot of money.
4.I draw a picture. -
5.They wear blue shoes.
6.They don't help you.
7.He doesn't open the book.
8.You do not write the letter.
9.Does your mum pick you up?
10. Does the police officer catch the thief?
1. The bathroom was cleaned by John.
2. The fire alarm is tested by the electricians.
3.The cat is being caught by our dog.
4.Coffee is sold by Marie.
5. The telephone was invented by Alexander
Graham Bell.
6.The bag was packed by his mother.
1. Paracetamol digunakan untuk membantu
mengurangi nyeri dan demam.
2. Resistensi antibiotik disebabkan oleh
penggunaan obat secara berlebih.
3. Komposisi seharusnya dibaca terlebih
dahulu apabila kamu memiliki alergi atau
kepekaan terhadap bahan tertentu.
4. Aku tidak tahan dengan obat-obatan yang
harus diminum.
5. Obat-obatan ini harus digunakan dalam resep
dokter saja
1.Melanie selalu menyimpan beberapa obat di dalam tasnya ketika
sedang sakit.
Melanie always keeps some medicines in her bag when she is sick
(active)
Medicines are always kept by Melanie when she is sick.
(Passive)
2. Semua obat-obatan harus menuliskan daftar kontraindikasi pada
instruksinya
3. Kemaren dia menggunakan kasa steril untuk menyeka lukanya.
4. Obat ini bisa menyembuhkan luka bakar dan luka terinfeksi.
5. Pergelangan kaki John sering keseleo, jadi ibunya
membelikannya obat gosok.
6. Kamu juga dapat membeli obat-obatan tanpa resep dokter
secara online.
7. Saya biasa membawa obat penghilang nyeri
ketika bepergian
8. Mereka akan menggunakan obat bius lokal
selama operasi.
9. Aku harus membawa obat semprot hidungku
seharian jika hari sedang hujan.
10. Alicia sedang mengkonsumsi suplement
multivitamin for her diet.
Last summer our house was painted by me. First, the
exterior was washed using warm water and a mild
detergent. Then all of the chinks in the walls were
sealed with putty. After the putty had had a chance to
dry, the exterior could be painted. A latex paint was
used because it is easy to apply and cleans up with
water. A whole week was needed to finish this part of
the job. A color was used that was very close to the
original color. When the job was finished, a great deal
of satisfaction was felt by me. Even my dad said that a
good job was done.