becoming a member of society

enculturation and
enculturation and
socialization
socialization
 objectives
> To learn how > Incorporate > To realize what
an individual enculturation culture we
becomes part & socialization originally have
of a society and created and
on the activity
that we must still
be aware that it’s
a part of who we
are today
socialization
Three Goals of Socialization
CONFORMITY
CONFORMITY && DEVIANCE
DEVIANCE
CONFORMITY
CONFORMITY
CONFORMITY
Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in
order to fit in with a group.
This change is in response to real (involving the physical presence of others) or
imagined (involving the pressure of social norms / expectations) group pressure.
Conformity can also be simply defined as “yielding to group pressures”
(Crutchfield, 1955). Group pressure may take different forms, for example bullying,
persuasion, teasing, criticism, etc. Conformity is also known as majority influence
(or group pressure).

The term conformity is often used to indicate an agreement to the majority position,
brought about either by a desire to ‘fit in’ or be liked (normative) or because of a
desire to be correct (informational), or simply to conform to a social role
(identification).
 types of conformity
Compliance (or group acceptance)
This occurs when an individual accepts influence
because he hopes to achieve a favorable reaction from
another person or group. He adopts the induced
behavior because he expects to gain specific rewards or
approval and avoid specific punishment or disapproval
by conformity
 types of conformity

Internalisation (genuine acceptance of group norms)

This occurs when an individual accepts influence
because the content of the induced behavior - the ideas
and actions of which it is composed - is intrinsically
rewarding.
 types of conformity

Identification (or group membership)

This occurs 'when an individual accepts influence
because he wants to establish or maintain a satisfying
self-defining relationship to another person or group'
 types of conformity

Ingratiational
This is when a person conforms to impress or gain
favor/acceptance from other people.
 Reasons why people
confirm
Normative Conformity
Yielding to group pressure because a person wants to fit in with the group.
Conforming because the person is scared of being rejected by the group.
This type of conformity usually involves compliance – where a person
publicly accepts the views of a group but privately rejects them.
Informational Conformity
This usually occurs when a person lacks knowledge and looks to the group
for guidance.
Or when a person is in an ambiguous (i.e. unclear) situation and socially
compares their behavior with the group. This type of conformity usually
involves internalization – where a person accepts the views of the groups
and adopts them as an individual.
 DEVIANCE
DEVIANCE
DEVIANCE
Departing from usual or
accepted standards, especially
in social or sexual behavior. • A
behavior that violates expected
rules and norms
 DEVIANCE
DEVIANCE
DEVIANCE
Additionally, all humans have criminal tendencies.
These tendencies are curbed, however, through the
process of socialization. A child that is improperly
socialized, then, could develop a personality
disturbance that causes him or her to direct antisocial
impulses either inward or outward. Those who direct
them inward become neurotic while those that direct
them outward become criminal.
 DEVIANCE
DEVIANCE
DEVIANCE
Additionally, all humans have criminal tendencies.
These tendencies are curbed, however, through the
process of socialization. A child that is improperly
socialized, then, could develop a personality
disturbance that causes him or her to direct antisocial
impulses either inward or outward. Those who direct
them inward become neurotic while those that direct
them outward become criminal.
human dignity,
human dignity,
rights and
rights and the
the
common good
common good
human dignity
An idea that a person has an innate right
to be valued, respected and treated well.
It is the recognition that human beings
possess a special value intrinsic to their
humanity and as such are worthy of
respect simply because they are human
beings.
human rights
human rights
human rights
It is the legal, social, and ethical
principles that consider the human
person as deserving of liberties and
protection by virtue of human dignity.
 YES NO ABSTAIN
human rights
ARGENTINA ANGOLA Afghanistan

AUSTRALIA BAHRAIN Bangladesh

AUSTRIA CAMEROON Brazil

BAHAMAS CHINA Burkina Faso

BULGARIA CUBA Chile

CROATIA EGYPT Democratic Republic of Congo

CZECH REPUBLIC ERITERIA Japan

DENMARK HUNGARY Nepal

FIJI INDIA Nigeria

ICELAND IRAQ Pakistan

ITALY PHILIPPINES Rwanda

MEXICO QATAR Senegal

PERU SAUDI ARABIA South Africa

human rights

YES NO ABSTAIN
SPAIN SOMALIA Togo
UKRAINE Tunisia
UNITED KINGDOM OF
GREAT BRITAIN AND
NORTHERN IRELAND
URUGUAY
the
the common
common
good
good
 the co
the common
mmon good

It aims to see the possibility of using

politics, collective action, and active
citizens in realizing freedom,
autonomy and self government for
the self interest of the Common Good.