Fracture Acidizing

Techniques
Purpose
Increase the rate at which the formation delivers
hydrocarbons naturally. Relies on the uneven removal
of fracture face to achieve conductivity.

• Above matrix rate

• Darcy´s Law
• Fracturing pressure
• Extension rate
• Step rate / Minifrac
Stimulation technique
The most widely used stimulation technique for
carbonate formations
Stimulation

• Fracture Height
• Fracture Length
• Fracture Conductivity
• Fluid - Fluid Compatibility
• Fluid - Formation Compatibility
Big picture
Well data

• Perforations
• Spacing
• Wellbore deviation
• Tubulars
• Drilling mud
• Pressure restrictions
• Well type
• Packer type and depth
Big picture
Formation data

• BHT
• BHP & BHFP
• BHTP & FG
• Permeability & porosity
• Formation fluid
• Rock properties
• Mineralogy
Acid etched length
The distance that reactive acid moves along the
fracture, and will determine the success or failure of
the treatment.
Consideration designs
Placement Techniques

• SUPRA FLC (SUstained PRoduction Acidizing) Fluid loss control

• SUPRA CE (Conductivity Enhancement)
• SUPRA EHC (Etched Height Control)
• Tailored treatment

Fluid Systems
SUPRA FLC SUPRA CE SUPRA EHC

CSA CSA CSA

CEA HRA FRA
HRA HRA
CSA: Carbonate Stimulation Acid HRA: Hot Rock Acid
CEA: Carbonate Emulsified Acid FRA: Fines Recovery Acid
SUPRA FLC
• Fluid Loss Control
Add Additional FLA When Necessary

• Cooling and Retarding Effect

Wider fracture
Laminar flow

• Physical Retarding Effect

• Acid Extender; Less Acid Needed

• Good Friction Reduction

Unless Emulsified System
SUPRA CE
Conductivity Enhancement

• Excellent Retarding System

• Uneven Etching Achieved Mechanically

• Unetched Areas Supports Closure Stress

Withstand Higher Closure Stresses

• Deep Penetration of Live Acid

• Good Fluid Loss Control

Add FLA when Necessary
SUPRA CE
Viscous
Preflush
Fracture
Cement

Casing

Perforations

Acid
SUPRA CE
Limited Entry

• Etched Channels Forced At Desired Locations

• All of Desired Interval Can Be Stimulated

• Treatment Directed to Best Section of Interval

• Pre-treatment Planning Necessary

Perforate Accordingly

• Breakdown Perforated Sections

SUPRA CE
SUPRA EHC

Etched Height Control

• Keeps Treatment From Unwanted Zones

• Less Acid Volume Needed

• Water Producing Intervals

Gas Cap
Uniform Acid Flow

PREFLUSH

STEP #1 (PREFLUSH)

PRE-
ACID
FLUSH

STEP #2 (ACID)

OVER ACID
FLUSH

STEP #3 (OVERFLUSH)
High Acid Flow
ACID

PREFLUSH
PREFLUSH

STEP #1 STEP #2

ACID
ACID

PREFLUSH PREFLUSH

STEP #3 STEP #4

ACID
NEW ACID
NEW
PREFLUSH
NEW PRE-
PREFLUSH PREFLUSH FLUSH

STEP #5 STEP #6
Low Acid Flow

PREFLUSH PREFLUSH

ACID
STEP #1 STEP #2

PREFLUSH PREFLUSH

ACID ACID

STEP #3 STEP #4
PREFLUSH
NEW PRE-
PREFLUSH FLUSH
NEW PREFLUSH

ACID NEW ACID

STEP #5
STEP #6
Middle Acid Flow

LIGHT
HEAVY PREFLUSH
PREFLUSH
HEAVY
PREFLUSH

STEP #1 STEP #2

LIGHT
PREFLUSH LIGHT PREFLUSH
ACID
ACID NEW
HEAVY PREFLUSH
HEAVY PREFLUSH HEAVY
PREFLUSH
STEP #3 STEP #4

NEW
LIGHT PREFLUSH LIGHT PREFLUSH

ACID

HEAVY PREFLUSH

STEP #5 STEP #6
Tailored Treatments
Foamed Heated

ZCA CFA
Foamed Acid

• Erosive / Scouring Effect

• Easy Fluid Recovery
Little or No Swabbing
• Good Fluid Loss Control
Low Perm. Formations
• Good Fines Removal
• Formations with Low BHP
Heated Acid

• Increases Reaction Rate

Low BHT Formation
Dolomite
• Helps Remove Organic Deposits
• Helps Prevent Organic Precipitation
• Limits Tubing Contraction
Zonal Coverage Acid

• Controls Fluid Loss by In-situ

Crosslinking
• Plugs Wormholes and Natural
Fractures
• More Live Acid Stays In Fracture
• Deeper Penetration of Live Acid
• Increased Effective Etched Fracture
Length
• May be Staged with ‘Neat’ or Other
Carbonate 20/20 Fluid System
Closed Fracture Acidizing

• Open Fracture With Non-Acid /Acid

Pre-Pad
• Allow Fracture to Close
• Pump Acid Below Fracturing
Conditions
• Add FLA As Needed
• Divert As Necessary
Fluid Systems
• Viscosity
• Crosslink capabilities
• n´& K´
• Cw and Spurt loss
• Temperature
• Placement techniques

Three fundamentals
• How long does it take acid to spend?
• Is it reacting too fast, or too slow?
• How far down a fracture can it go?
• How long of wormholes can it make?
Gels
CSA
CEA

• 70% BVOS 22% HCl

(Internal phase)
• 30% Diesel (External phase)
• AF-61
FRA

70% Nitrogen Foam Quality

HRA

13% Acetic & 9% Formic

The tools