GROUP 6:

Nuraishah Kamaruddin (G1810188)

Siti Farhah Mohd Fauzi (G1813952)
Nurul Hazwani Hisamudin (G1810756)
Surya Azreen Kasim (G1814018)
 ACTIVITY
 Materials:
 Let’s Do!!
1. How to make the Styrofoam sink?
2. How to make the pin float?
 Let’s watch!!

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0SV51AJegE
Let’s Think!!
 What would
you do
to survive in
this
situation?
pragmatism
Philosopher of Pragmatism
 MEANING
OF
PRAGMATISM
• Believes in practical.
• Pragmatism derived from Greek word “Practice” or “Action”
• Pragma means activity, work done or to make or to accomplish
• Pragmatism – lives in the world of facts not on idea.
• It is the philosophy of practical experience.
• Educative experiences in life depend upon two things:
a) Thought
b) Action
 PRAGMATISM

• Also called Instrumentalism.

• Because it impacts on ‘Learning by
Doing’ and idea is a tools
• Also called Experimentalism -
‘Learning by experience’
 FEATURES OF PRAGMATISM
In Pragmatism….
• Values are created through experimentation /
experience
• Educational practice it also from experimental
• Childrent learn by doing
• Curriculum – actively centered
• Moral values cannot be imposed by the olderupon
younger generation
• Project method is the main method of teaching
 PRAGMATISM

Experience

They believe that

human
experience
Problem Solving reflects reality
PRAGMATISM IN
EDUCATION
Pragmatism insists…
• Education – practical and utilitarian (tools)
• Education – according to needs
• Education – solve own problems
• Activities should lie at center of all educative
process
 PRAGMATISM AND
AIMS OF EDUCATION
• Pragmatism believe that there are no fixed aim
of education.
• Education becomes the laboratory of life
• Consider while forming aims
a) Creation of new values (for experience & values)
b) Activity and exercise (to create new values)
c) Personal and Social adjustment (cope up)
d) Reconstruction of experience (providing social
setting )
 METHODS OF EDUCATION
Flexible education method.
Various ways : experimental, flexible, open-ended
and oriented toward growth of individual's capacity
to think and to participate intelligently in social life.
Functional school : movable child-sized desks,
large print in books for small children.
Developing a cross- disciplinary approach
(Interdiciplinary instruction)
Deductive approach.
Project approach (Individual or Group discussion)
Large print
in book.
Movable
Desk
 John Dewey's Laboratory School
 Traditional subject taught by
“doing “not telling
 Harmonize individual and
social ends.

University of
Chicago
 Interdiciplinary Instruction
Definitions: a conscious effort to apply knowledge,
principle to more than one academic discipline
simultaneously the disciplines may be related through a
central theme, issue, problem, process, topic or
experience.
Example:
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics)
is a curriculum based on the idea of educating students in
four specific disciplines — science, technology,
engineering
and mathematics — in an interdisciplinary and
applied approach.
STEM
 Science is everywhere in the world around us.
 Technology is continuously expanding into every aspect of
our lives.
 Engineering is the basic designs of roads and bridges, but
also tackles the challenges of changing global weather and
environmentally-friendly changes to our home.
 Mathematics is in every occupation, every activity we do in
our lives.
 By exposing students to STEM and giving them
opportunities to explore STEM-related concepts, they will
develop a passion for it and hopefully pursue a job in a
STEM field. A curriculum that is STEM-based has real-life
situations to help the student learn.
Teacher as moderator
and student do their
project (exploration) to
achieve an objective
(limitation).
 CURRICULUM
 Focus on learning experience in a syllabus.
 Diversified curriculum
 Problem centered.
 Use a wide variety of resources from traditional
to modern.
PRAGMATISM AND
TEACHER
ROLE OF TEACHER
Capture & use students inherent
motivation

Arranging learning environment

Guiding students learning activities

Ozmon & Craver. (2008). Philosophical Foundations of Education

 ROLE OF TEACHER
Helping students locate knowledge &
integrate it into their own experience

Acknowledge that children are not at the

same point

Be a competent person

Ozmon & Craver. (2008). Philosophical Foundations of

 ROLE OF TEACHER

Introduce problems & stimulate to solve

problems

Provide opportunities for natural

development

Beniwal, Rajesh (2018). Pragmatism in Education

 PRAGMATISM AND TEXT
BOOK
Importance is given to children and not
to Books
 CRITIQUE OF PRAGMATISM IN
EDUCATION

1. Accuses:
 Education to shape a pluralistic society
 Downgrading individualism in cultural pluralism
 Lowered standards in public education.
 Deprecates knowledge and waters down curriculum
by taking a bit of discipline (without explore)
2. CRITIQUE:
 Negative

 Reject traditional values that impermanent.

 (traditional value should not be rejected)
 Lack of specificity in pragmatism make it difficult to apply
 Failed to give adequate attention to power relations in wider
society
 Moral values cannot be imposed by the older upon younger
generation
 Develop super ego in man
 Not free from critism
Positive

 Project method
 Helps to realise the value of today’s life.
 Saves child from the burden of education
which is too much centred on books.
 Recognizes that an individual should be
socially efficient and productive.
 CONCLUSION
Though is was an old and traditional philosophy, it
had a futuristic thought to change the traditional
education methods.
Thus The Educational Philosophy – Pragmatism is
still applicable in todays modern world