THEORY OF

ARCHITECTURE
Architectur
e
 Originated from the Greek word
Architekton
 Archi – great. Tekton – builder
 Architecture is the art and
science of building
 It is the conscious creation of
utilitarian spaces with the
deliberate use of material
 Architecture should be
technically efficient and
aesthetically pleasing.
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE?
IT’S THE ART AND SCIENCE OF DESIGNING AND CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS
 CONTEXT FOR ARCHITECTURE AS SATISFYING HUMAN NEEDS

1.GENERAL INFLUENCES
ACTIVITIES OF MAN

Desire for PRESERVATION

Desire for Recognition
prestige, pride and ambition, social status

Desire for Response

love, friendship, and sociability

Desire for Self- Expression

CONTEXT FOR ARCHITECTURE AS SATISFYING HUMAN NEEDS

II. INFLUENCES OF NATURE

A. CLIMATE

NATURE B.TOPOGRAPHY

C. MATERIALS
 CONTEXT FOR ARCHITECTURE AS SATISFYING HUMAN NEEDS

III. INFLUENCES OF SOCIETY movies

1. SOCIAL CONDITIONS: TV time
radio

2. Man's Personality.

3. Man's Interests.
factory

house church
 Introducing the various functional
aspects of architecture
SITE:
Location
(geography)a point or
an area on the
Earth's surface or
elsewhere
Building site, a
place
where construction ta
kes place
 Introducing the various functional
aspects of architecture
STRUCTURE:

It is an arrangement
and organization of
interrelated elements
in a material object
or system, or the
object or system so
organized
Introducing the various functional aspects of architecture
SKIN:
 Introducing the various functional
aspects
CIRCULATION:
of architecture
APPROACH
The Distant View
ENTRANCE
• From Outside to inside
CONFIGURATION OF THE PATH
• The Sequences of Spaces
PATH-SPACE RELATIONSHIPS
• Edges, Nodes, and Terminations of the Path
FORM OF THE CIRCULATION SPACE
• Corridors, Halls, Galleries, Stairways and Rooms
 Introducing the various functional
SERVICES:
aspects of architecture

Structural
Plumbing
Electrical
 Fire
safety
Maintenance
 LINE
• A point extended becomes a line with properties of:

 Length
 Direction
 Position

1. Vertical lines are awake, alert, defy gravity, rigid, firm, stable,
strong

2. Horizontal lines are restful, yield to gravity, create quiet, repose,

passivity, calmness, or serenity

3. Diagonal lines and zigzags/swiggilies appear undecided, unstable,

busy, active, dynamic, restless, dramatic, sporty and lengthening
 SHAPE
ORGANIC SHAPES GEOMETRIC SHAPES
are defined can be defined as
as shapes that are figure or area closed
irregular or by a boundary
asymmetrical in which is created by
appearance and combining the
tend to have a curvy specific amount of
flow to them. Nearly curves, points, and
all shapes found in lines
nature
are organic in
appearance
PRIMARY GEOMETRIC PLANE SHAPES
PRIMARY SOLIDS
TRANSFORMATION OF FORMS

Dimensional Transformation
a form can be transformed by altering one or more of its
dimensions and still retain its identity as a member of a
family of forms. A cube, for example, can be transformed
into similar prismatic forms through discrete changes in
height, length or width.
TRANSFORMATION OF FORMS

Subtractive Transformation:

a form can be transformed by subtracting a portion

of its volume. Depending on the extent of the
subtractive process, the form can still retain its
initial identity or be transformed into a form of
another family.
TRANSFORMATION OF FORMS

Additive Transformation:

a form can be transformed by the addition of

elements to its volume. The nature of the additive
process and the number and relative sizes of the
elements being attached determine whether the
identity of the initial form is altered or retained.V
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS
 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Central organization is composed of a dominant central space, with secondary
spaces grouped around it. As a composition, this arrangement is concentrated and
stable.
 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Linear Organization a series of forms arranged sequentially in a row
 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Radial Organization a composition of linear forms extending
outward from a central form in a radial manner
 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Cluster organization - a collection of forms grouped together by
proximity or the sharing of a common visual trait.
 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Grid organization - A grid organization is comprised of a 3-dimensional
composition of linear reference points. Usually, they are perpendicular from
one another, though they need not be.
The Golden Ratio
 The Golden Ratio
The Golden Ratio describes the perfectly symmetrical relationship
between two proportions

Approximately equal to a 1:1.61 ratio, the Golden Ratio can be

illustrated using a Golden Rectangle: a large rectangle consisting of
a square (with sides equal in length to the shortest length of the
rectangle) and a smaller rectangle
ELEMENTS OF CIRCULATION
APPROACH the distant view; the first phase of
the circulation system during which we are prepared
to see, experience and use the building
ELEMENTS OF CIRCULATION
ENTRANCE from outside to inside; An entrance
into a building or room marks the transition from one
space to another. The most traditional way of
providing an entrance is through an opening within a
plane.may be flushed, projected or recessed
ELEMENTS OF CIRCULATION
Configuration of Path
the sequence of spaces ; can be linear,
radial, spiral, grid, network or composite
 ANTROPOMETRICS
The measurement and study of the size and proportions of the human body

STRUCTURAL DIMENSIONS
Any of the dimensions of the human body and its parts

FUNCTIONAL DIMENSIONS
Any of the dimensions determined by bodily position
and movement, ie reach, stride, or clearance
 PROXEMICS
The study of the symbolic and communicative role of the spatial separation
Individuals maintain in various social and Interpersonal situation and how the
nature and degree of this spatial arrangement relates to environmental and
cultural factors.
SANA ALL.