z

DEFLECTION IN BEAMS
Recall: THE ENGINEERING BEAM THEORY

x Mxz E
  
y' Iz R
1 Moment-Curvature Equation

v (Deflection)
y
NA
A B
x
x

A’ s B’

If deformation is small (i.e. slope is “flat”):

s  x
 I d
R.  S  x  
R dx
 R
v
and   (slope is “flat”)
x
B’
S v I d2 v
A’  
 R dx 2

Alternatively: from Newton’s Curvature Equation

2
v  d2 v   dv 
R  2  if    1
I
  dx   dx 
v  f (x )
3
R
  dv 2  2
1    I d2 v
  dx    
x   R dx 2
From the Engineering Beam Theory:

Mxz E 1 Mxz d2 v
  
Iz R R EIz dx 2
d2 v
 EIz  2  Mxz
dx
Flexural Bending
Stiffness Moment
Curvature

Mxz
Recall, for Bars under
axial loading:

K  u  Load

Flexural
Stiffness 1 d2 v Axial Extension

R dx 2 Stiffness
 d2 v  1 
Since, 2
  Mxz Curvature
dx  EIz 
dv  1 
     Mxz  dx  C1 Slope
dx  EIz 
 1 
 v      Mxz  dx  dx  C
1  dx  C2
 EIz  Deflection
Where C1 and C2 are found using the boundary conditions.

Curvature Slope Deflection

R
v
dv
dx
Direct Integration Method
Example: v = Deflection
L P
y P.L
A B
v vMax
x
P
Deflected
x Shape
P.L
Mxz

P Qxy
 Mxz  Px  PL
d2 v
EIz  2  Mxz  Px  PL
dx
dv x2
 EIz  P  PLx  C1
dx 2
x 3 PLx 2
 EIz v  P   C1x  C2
6 2
 x 3 PLx 2 P
 EIz v  P   C1x  C2
6 2
To find C1 and C2:
dv
Boundary conditions: (i) @ x=0 0
dx
(ii) @ x=0 v0

 C1  0 & C2  0

Equation of the deflected shape is:

x 3 PLx 2
EIz v  P 
6 2
vMax occurs at x=L
1 PL3
v Max 
3 EIz
2 P
a b
Example:
y
L
x
Pb Pa
x
L P L
Pb Mxz
L Qxy

 Mxz  Pb
L
x   P x  a 
d2 v
 EIz  2  Mxz  Pb x   P x  a 
dx L
dv Pb  x 2  P
 EIz      x  a   C1
2
L   2
dx  2 
 EIz v  Pb 6L x 3   P 6 x  a 3  C1 x   C2
 EIz v  Pb 6L x 3   P 6 x  a 3  C1 x   C2

Boundary conditions: (i) @ x=0 v0

(ii) @ x=L v0

From (i): C2  0
From (ii): 0  Pb
6L
L   P L  a 
3
6
3
 C1 L 

 C1  Pb
6L
b 2
 L2  Since (L-a)=b

Equation of the deflected shape is:

 v
1 Pb
EIz 6L
x 
3 P
6
 
x  a   Pb
3
6L
b 2  L2 x    
To find vMax:
dv
vMax occurs where  0 (i.e. slope=0)
dx
 x 2
 P Pb b 2  L2 
i.e. EIz 0   Pb       
2
x a
L 2  2 6L
 
Assuming vMax will be at x<a, i.e. x  a 2 0


dv
0 when  
x 2   1 b 2  L2  1 L2  b 2
3 3
 
dx
This value of x is then substituted into the above equation of the
deflected shape in order to obtain vMax.

Note: L L L
if a  b  2
P
2
2
PL3
 v Max  vMax
48EIz
3 Summary

After considering stress caused by bending, we have now looked at the

deflections generated. Keep in mind the relationships between
Curvature, Slope, and Deflection, and understand what they are:
d2 v 1 I
• Curvature
2
 Mxz 
dx EIz R
• Slope dv
dx
• Deflection v
 Load intensity at section Z is wo z/l
z
wo

A B x
EI
RA z RB

y
 To find the support reactions we first take moments about B, thus

1 𝐿 𝑤𝑜 𝐿 𝑤𝑜 𝐿
𝑅𝐴 𝐿 = 𝑤𝑜 𝐿 𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝐵 =
2 3 6 3

The bending moment at any section z, a distance z from A

1 𝑧 𝑧 𝑤𝑜 2
M = 𝑅𝐴 𝑧 − 𝑤𝑜 − 𝑧 𝑀= (𝐿 𝑧 − 𝑧 3 )
2 𝐿 3 6𝐿
𝑧 𝑧
𝑑𝑣2 𝑤𝑜 2 𝑑𝑣2 𝑤𝑜 2
𝐸𝐼 2 = − (𝐿 𝑧 − 𝑧 3 ) න 𝐸𝐼 2 = −න (𝐿 𝑧 − 𝑧 3 )
𝑑𝑧 6𝐿 𝑑𝑧 6𝐿
0 0
𝑑 𝑤 2 𝑧2 𝑧4
𝐸𝐼 𝑣 = − 𝑜 𝐿 − + 𝐶1
𝑑𝑧 6𝐿 2 4
𝑧 𝑧
𝑑𝑣 𝑤𝑜 2
𝑧2 𝑧4
න 𝐸𝐼 = න− 𝐿 − + 𝐶1
𝑑𝑧 6𝐿 2 4
0 0

𝑤𝑜 2
𝑧3 𝑧5
𝐸𝐼𝑣 = − 𝐿 − + 𝐶1 𝑧 + 𝐶2
6𝐿 6 20
The deflection v = 0 at z = 0 and z = l, From the first of these conditions we
obtain C2 = 0, while from the second
2 5 7 𝑤0 𝐿4
𝑤𝑜 𝐿 𝐿 𝐶1 =
0=− 𝐿2 − + 𝐶1 𝐿 + 0 360
6𝐿 6 20

The deflection curve then has the equation

𝑤0
𝑣= 3𝑧 5 − 10 𝐿2 𝑧 3 + 7𝐿4 𝑧
360 𝐸𝐼𝐿