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Steam Turbine, Theory and Operation
Steam Turbine, Theory and Operation
Presented by
Stewart Eley
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Safe Harbor Disclosure
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Confidential & Proprietary
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AN INTRODUCTION
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HISTORY
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2008
Dresser-Rand acquires certain assets of
Peter Brotherhood
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Brotherhood Factory, 2005
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The 1st steam turbine
TURBINE
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•© 2001 by Dresser-Rand
TURBINE
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Safety Moment
Inherent dangers when operating Turbines,
High Temperatures, 420C
High Pressures, 60 bar
High Speeds, 13,000 rpm. Tip Speed 1633 km/hr
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TURBINE
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1. Things That Turn (Rotating Element)
2. Things That Don’t (Static Elements)
3. Things to Keep them Apart (Lubrication)
4. Things to Stop it Breaking (Controls)
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Turbine Operation
Keep It Clean
Right Parts
Right Time
Right Person
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Typical Multi stage Turbine
Cross Section
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•© 2003 by Dresser-Rand
Nozzles & Blades from Inlet to Exhaust
Exhaust
Inlet
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Component Identification
1. Rotating Element
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Turbine Major Components, (Rotating Elements)
Blades
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Blades
Milled blades
Stock drawn to
foil shape blades
Twisted blades
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Blade and blade shape
Head of
tenon Shroud
Tenon
Foil shape
Blade shape
Wheel
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Shrouds
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•© 2001 by Dresser-Rand
Failed Shrouds
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•© 2001 by Dresser-Ra
Blades and Blades Shape
Shroud
Blade
Inverted
Christmas tree
Wheel
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•© 2001 by Dresser-Rand
Damping Wires
Wire
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•© 2001 by Dresser-Rand
Damping wires
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•© 2001 by Dresser-Rand
“Water” Erosion on Blades
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Turbine Major Components, (Rotating Elements)
Thrust Collar
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Component Identification
1. Rotating Element, all components assembled
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Overspeed Trip
Shaft Assembly
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Component Identification
2. Static Element
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Turbine Major Components (Stationary Elements)
Nozzle Box / Steam Chest
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Diaphragm before cutting
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Diaphragm mounting
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Diaphragms Fitted to Steam Chest
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Section Through Steam Turbine Bladeing
Nozzles & blades from inlet to exhaust
Inlet
Exhaust
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Steam Path through Bladeing
Nozzle Wheel
Steam inlet
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Steam Path through Bladeing
Wheel
Wheel
Nozzle
Diaphragm
Steam inlet
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•© 2001 by Dresser-Rand
Component Identification
2. Static Element
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Turbine Major Components (Stationary Elements)
CSEV
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Combined Stop
and Emergency
Valve
Steam
Inlet
Steam
Outlet
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Gimple Valve
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Turbine Major Components (Stationary Elements)
Throttle Valve (s)
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Gland at Steam End
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Principle of Turbine Offset-Halves Journal Bearing
Hydro-dynamic
Wedge
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Radial Tilting Pad Bearing
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View of Turbine Thrust Bearing
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Bearing Installation
Shaft Size
Housing Size
Oil Features
Bed
Clearance
“Nip”
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Component Identification
3, Lubrication
Oil Tank
Oil Pump Main
Oil Pump Auxiliary
Pressure relief Valve
Oil Filter
Oil Cooler
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Positive Displacement Oil Pump
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Principle of Positive Displacement Pump
(delivery proportional to speed)
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Oil Pressure Regulating Valve (Control Oil and Lubricating Oil)
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Component Identification
4, Controls
Speed Governor
Emergency Stop Valve
Solenoid Valve
Temperature (steam, oil)
Pressure (Steam, oil)
Vibration
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Systems Interface
Start
Mechanical
Valve Position, reset?
Exhaust
Pressure
Steam
Pressure & Temp
Oil
Pressure
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Ballhead Speed Balance
Pivot
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Basic Turbine
Speed
Governor
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Relayed Speed Governor
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Single Stage Turbine
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Single Stage Steam Turbine
Exhaust
Shaft / Rotor
Steam Chest
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Inlet
Single Stage Steam Turbine
Blades
Exhaust
Wheel
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Inlet
Single Stage Steam Turbine
Exhaust
Steam
Seals
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Inlet
Single Stage Steam Turbine
Exhaust
Bearings
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Inlet
Single Stage Steam Turbine
Sentinel
Exhaust valve
Governor
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Inlet
Single Stage Steam Turbine
Exhaust
Throttle / Stop
valve
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Inlet
Turbine Operation
Keep It Clean
Right Parts
Right Time
Right Person
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Turbine Operation
Keep It Clean
Oil, Steam & Water
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Keep it Clean
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Turbine Operation
Before starting, Check;
Oil, Level and Condition
For Leaks, Steam, Oil and Water
Steam Drains are Open
Exhaust Line is Open
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Turbine Operation
Starting;
Reset and test, emergency stop valve.
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Turbine Operation
Open stop valve slightly,
allow a Small amount of steam into the machine.
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Turbine Operation
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Turbine Operation
All the safety systems of a turbine should be
The overspeed trip should operate
checked to prove them to be effective.
at, 10% of the running speed.
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Effects of Steam Contamination on
Throttle Valve
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Effect of Damaged Throttle Valve on
Turbine
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!
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