ORGANIZATIONAL INFLUENCES AND

PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

Chapter 2
ORGANIZATIONAL INFLUENCES ON PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Organizational
Organizational Organizational
Cultures and
Communications Structures
Styles

Enterprice
Organizational
Environmental
Process Assets
Factors
 ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS ASSETS

Organizational process assets are the plans, processes,

policies, procedures, and knowledge (lessons learned
and historical information) that used by organization.
Categories

Processes and Procedures

Initiating and Planning
• Specific organizational
standards such as policies,
guidelines and procedures,
templates (e.g., work
breakdown structure, project
schedule network diagram)
Executing, Monitoring
& Controlling
• Change control procedures
• Issue and defect management
procedures
• Risk control procedures
• Standardized guidelines
Closing
• Project closure guidelines or
requirements (e.g., lessons
learned, project evaluations,
product validations, and
acceptance criteria)
Corporate Knowledge Base

• Configuration management knowledge : baselines of all

performing organization standards
• Historical information and lessons learned knowledge

• Project files from previous projects (e.g., scope, cost,

schedule, and project calendars, project schedule and defined
risk impact).
ENTERPRISE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Organizational culture, structure, and

governance

Marketplace conditions

Infrastructure (facilities)

Government or industry standards

 PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS

A stakeholder is an individual, group, or organization

who may affect, be affected by a decision, activity, or
outcome of a project.

⮚ Identifying stakeholders,
understanding their
relative degree of
influence on a project

⮚ Failure to do so can lead to

delays, cost increases,
unexpected issues
 PROJECT TEAM

The project team is the group of individuals Examples of basic project team
who act together in performing the work of compositions
the project to achieve its objectives

Dedicated : work full-

Factors composition of project teams time on the project.
⮚ organizational culture,
⮚ scope,
⮚ location
Part-Time : some
projects are
established as
temporary additional
work
 PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

Characteristics of the Project Life Cycle

The generic life cycle structure generally displays the following characteristics
PROJECT PHASES
 Phase-to-Phase Relationships

There are two basic types of phase-to-phase relationships

Sequential relationship : a phase starts only when the previous phase is complete

Overlapping relationship : a phase starts prior to completion of the previous one

PREDICTIVE LIFE CYCLES/ FULLY PLAN-DRIVEN

the project scope, the time and cost are

determined as early in the project life
cycle as practically possible.
ITERATIVE & INCREMENTAL LIFE CYCLE
This approach is great when you want to
do prototyping and developing software
updates
 ADAPTIVE LIFE CYCLE

Adaptive methods are generally preferred

∙ dealing with a rapidly changing environment,
∙ requirements and scope are difficult to define

Development

Adaptive projects are quick

and time bound with two
critical success factors:
• The user must be
intimately involved in the
process
• Must be able to define
incremental requirements
at the start of each
iteration