RESERVOIR

ENGINEERING II
WATER DRIVE RESERVOIR
HAVLENA-ODEH EQUATION
• Dake (1978) points out that the term Ef,w can frequently be
neglected in water-drive reservoirs.

• If the reservoir does not have an initial gas cap:

• The greatest uncertainty is always the determination of the water

influx We.
• We requires a mathematical model which itself relies on the
knowledge of aquifer properties that we don’t know.
WATER INFLUX DETERMINATION
METHODS
There are several methods to be used, however the most useful ones are:
• Pot-aquifer model
• Schilthuis steady-state method
• Van Everdingen-Hurst model
POT-AQUIFER MODEL
Assume a simple pot model: Where:
ra = radius of the aquifer, ft
re = radius of the reservoir, ft
h = thickness of the aquifer, ft
ɸ= porosity of the aquifer
 = encroachment angle
cw = aquifer water compressibility, psi-1
cf = aquifer rock compressibility, psi-1
Wi = initial volume of water in the aquifer,
bbl
POT-AQUIFER MODEL
Since aquifer parameter aren’t known the equation is modified to:

Havlena Odeh equation can be redefined as:

POT-AQUIFER MODEL
PROBLEM
The material balance parameters, the underground withdrawal F, and
oil expansion Eo of a saturated-oil reservoir (i.e., m = o) are given below:

Assuming that the rock and water compressibility are negligible, calculate
the initial oil-in-place.
THE STEADY-STATE MODEL IN THE
MBE
It was proposed by Schilthuis (1936)

where:
We = cumulative water influx, bbl
C = water influx constant, bbl/day/psi
t = time, days
pi = initial reservoir pressure, psi
p = pressure at the oil-water contact at time t, psi
THE STEADY-STATE MODEL IN THE
MBE
THE UNSTEADY-STATE MODEL IN
THE MBE
The Van Everdingen-Hurst unsteady-state model is given by:

where:
t = time, days
k = permeability of the aquifer, md
ɸ= porosity of the aquifer
µw = viscosity of water in the aquifer, cp
ra = radius of the aquifer, ft
re = radius of the reservoir, ft
cw = compressibility of the water, 1/psi
THE UNSTEADY-STATE MODEL IN
THE MBE
• From the field past production and pressure history, calculate the
underground withdrawal F and oil expansion Eo.
• Assume an aquifer configuration, i.e., linear or radial.
• Assume the aquifer radius ra and calculate the dimensionless
radius rD.
• Plot (F/Eo) versus (Σ Δp WeD)/Eo on a Cartesian scale. If the
assumed aquifer parameters are correct, the plot will be a straight line
with N being the intercept and the water influx constant B being the
slope. It should be noted that four other different plots might result.
THE UNSTEADY-STATE MODEL IN
THE MBE