DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

INCLINATION PROJECTION

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UTC February 2001
CHANGE IN INCLINATION PROJECTION
Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection

We are given the target location: we are given the plane of proposal:
354.59’ @ 146.55°, 4857.73’ TVD VS = 135°

We are required to project to the target.

To manually project we are going to use the average

angle method of calculation.

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UTC February 2001
 These problems are always solved by looking at the
well bore in two planes.
1.) Looking down at the well from the top (Plan View)
2.) Looking at the well from the side

Last Survey

W E TVD
Last Survey

Target

Target Actual well path

S DISPLACEMENT

3
Plan View Side View
UTC February 2001
CHANGE IN INCLINATION PROJECTION
Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection

We are given the target location: we are given the plane of proposal:
354.59’ @ 146.55°, 4857.73’ TVD VS = 135°

First look at the information that is given.

We know the Target TVD so let’s put this in the table.

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UTC February 2001
CHANGE IN INCLINATION PROJECTION
Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection 4857.73

We now have the projection TVD so we can calculate the

DTVD between the last survey and the projection.

DTVD= 4857.73 - 4531.59 = 326.14 ft.

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UTC February 2001
 This change in TVD can be entered directly on the side
view of our triangle.

Last Survey

W E TVD 326.14
Last Survey

Target
Displacement

Target
S DISPLACEMENT

Plan View Side View

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UTC February 2001
CHANGE IN INCLINATION PROJECTION
Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection 4857.73

We are given the target location:

354.59’ @ 146.55°, 4857.73’ TVD

Convert Polar into Rectangular Coordinates

Now look for the next piece of information that is given.

We are given the target location in polar coordinates, if
we convert these into rectangular coordinates we can
enter them in the table
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UTC February 2001
 First calculate f for an equivalent angle in the
quadrant.

146.55o (azimuth of target)

W E

f
f = 180 - 146.55 = 33.450

Target

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UTC February 2001
Plan View
 Now directly calculate the N/S and E/W
displacements.
E/W = sin 33.45 x 354.59 = 195.45 ft E
N/S = cos 33.45 x 354.59 = 295.85 ft S
N

E/W
Displacement
W E
N/S Displacement

These displacements
can now be directly
entered into the table
Target

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UTC February 2001
Plan View
CHANGE IN INCLINATION PROJECTION
Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection 4857.73 -295.85 195.45

We are given the target location: the plane of proposal:

354.59’ @ 146.55°, 4857.73’ TVD VS = 135°

From the plane of proposal project at right

angles to the target along the target azimuth

Now the vertical section distance is calculated by

projecting at right angles from the plane of proposal to
the target
To help with the projection remember that the vertical
section distance is always less than (or equal to) the
displacement!!
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UTC February 2001
 First calculate q for the triangle.

N
135.00o (plane of proposal)

W E
146.55o (azimuth to target)

q q = 146.55 - 135 = 11.550

Target

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UTC February 2001
Plan View
 Now calculate the vertical section distance

E
VS = cos q x Displacement
W
VS = cos 11.550 x 354.59
11.55o = 347.41 ft

The vertical section

Target
can now be directly
S entered into the table
Plan View

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UTC February 2001
CHANGE IN INCLINATION PROJECTION
Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection 4857.73 347.41 -295.85 195.45

Use the N/S and E/W distances to

calculate the azimuth at the target

We can now calculate the azimuth at the target since we

now have the N/S and E/W coordinates at the last survey
and at the target.
Use the plan view to calculate the average azimuth.

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UTC February 2001
Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection 4857.73 347.41 -295.85 195.45
295.85
- 187.98
N 195.45
107.87
- 130.65

W E 64.80

Survey 2 Survey 2

f
107.87 ft

Target Target
64.8 ft

S
f = tan-1(64.8 / 107.87) = 31.00
14 Plan View
UTC February 2001
 We must now convert
N this angle (31°) into an
azimuth.
Average
Survey 2
Azimuth
Average Azimuth = 1800 - 31.00
107.87 31.00o = 149.0o
ft

Target
64.80 ft

Since the average azimuth (149o) is the same as the

previous survey azimuth (149o) we know the well is
not turning and thus the azimuth at the target is also
149o.
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UTC February 2001
CHANGE IN INCLINATION PROJECTION
Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection 149.00 4857.73 347.41 -295.85 195.45

Use average angle in the side view to calculate the

average inclination. The inclination at the target can then
be calculated using the inclination at the last survey.

We are now ready to calculate the projected inclination

using the average angle method.
Use the side view to calculate the average inclination at
the target and then the target inclination can be
calculated using the inclination from the last survey
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UTC February 2001
 We can calculate the
displacement
between Survey 2
N and the target using
the triangle we
W E previously used to
calculate the target
Survey 2 azimuth.

107.87 ft
Disp =  107.872 + 64.82
= 125.84 ft
64.8 ft
Target

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UTC February 2001
Plan View
 The displacement to the target can then be carried
across to the side view.

Last Survey

W E TVD 326.14
Last Survey

Target
125.84

Target
S DISPLACEMENT

Plan View Side View

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UTC February 2001
 The angle q now represents the average angle between
the last survey and the target.

Last Survey

q = tan-1(125.84 / 326.14) = 21.10 TVD 326.14 q

Target
125.84

Actual well path

DISPLACEMENT

Side View

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UTC February 2001
 Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection 149.00 4857.73 347.41 -295.85 195.45

Using the Average Angle formula:

Average Inclination = l 2 + I 1
2 Last Survey
Deriving this equation we get:

Incl (target) = 2I(Av) - I 1 TVD 21.1o

326.14

Incl(target) = 42.2o - 26.0o Target

125.84

Incl(target) = 16.2o Actual well path

DISPLACEMENT

This can now be entered in the table Side View

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UTC February 2001
 Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection 16.20 149.00 4857.73 347.41 -295.85 195.45

The total measured depth (MD) at the target can be calculated by adding the MD from
Survey 2 to the DMD between the survey and the target calculated by using the triangle.

DMD = 326.142 + 125.842 = 349.58 ft

Last Survey

MD(target) = MD(survey 2) +
DMD 326.14
TVD
MD(target) = 4560.00 ft + 349.58 ft
Target
125.84
MD(target) = 4909.58 ft
DISPLACEMENT
This value is now entered into the table.
Side View
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UTC February 2001
Data MD Inc Az TVD VS N/S E/W
Survey 1 4525.00 25.00 150.00 4500.00 210.72 -175.00 123.00
Survey 2 4560.00 26.00 149.00 4531.59 225.30 -187.98 130.65
Projection 4909.58 16.20 149.00 4857.73 347.41 -295.85 195.45

The average angle solution is now complete !!

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UTC February 2001