NETWORK DEVELOPMENT By: Prof.

Viraj
PROJECT SCHEDULING AND PLANNING
• Some Planning must be done to perform any function within a specified
time frame and with minimum effort
•A schedule is a time phased plan. These are used as guides during the
performance of an operation in order to control the pace of activities and
to permit completion of the operation at the desired time.
•Schedule is utilized for many different phases of the construction process
from master planning through facility construction to facility operation and
maintenance
•In construction phase schedules are useful for a number of purposes before
starting a project and after completion of the project as well as during the
actual execution of work
SCHEDULING PRINCIPLES
There may be a number of different forms of schedules used like written
schedules, bar graph schedules, network schedules and others. Irrespective
of scheduling methods employed, the following general principles should
be observed:
•Establish a logical sequence of operation
•Do not exceed the capabilities of the resources available
•Provide for continuity of operations
•Start project controlling activities (critical activities) easily
BAR CHARTS (GANTT CHARTS)
•Developed by Henry Gantt around 1900
•This is a pictorial representation showing the various jobs to be done in a
given project and the time taken to complete each job
•This chart consists of two axes, the horizontal axis representing the various
unites of time to complete the jobs and the vertical axis showing the names or
nature of the job done
•The starting and completion time of each project work element are indicated
by the beginning and ending of each bar for that work element
•The preparation of Bar Chart follows the WBS analysis. The work packages
identified in the WBS are typically the work elements to be scheduled by the
Bar Chart, however any level of work in the project can be scheduled,
depending upon the level of details desired.
•The work packages are listed in sequence of time, taking into account
elements which must be completed before the others can be started
DISADVANTAGES OF BAR CHART
•It does not show the interdependencies of the work packages and hence
does not represent a network of activities. This relationship between
activities and work packages is crucial for detailed scheduling and cost
analysis.
•It cannot show the result of either an early start or a late start in a work
package. It also does not reflect true project status because the delays of
individual work package schedules do not predict the delay in the total
project schedule.
•It does not show the uncertainty involved in performing a work packages
and hence does not lend itself to sensitivity analysis.
•In spite of above limitations, Bar Charts are widely used in project
management because they are easy to construct, understand and use.
MILESTONE CHARTS
•It is an improvement over bar chart and is also a connecting link to PERT
and CPM networks
•Milestones are key events that occur during the execution of the project
•These are identifiable events whose occurrences can be monitored as
indicators of progress of the project
•In Bar Chart, a bar which represents a long term job is broken to several
bits each of which stands for an identifiable major event
•Length of the bar indicates the time consumed
 CRITICAL PATH METHOD
•The backbone of CPM is a graphic model of a
project
•Basic component of the model is the arrow
•Each arrow represents an activity in the project
•The tail of the arrow represents the starting
point of the activity and head represents
completion
•The arrow is not a vector, nor is it drawn to
scale. It may be curved or bend as per
requirement
•The arrow being a separate entity cannot be
interrupted
NETWORK

Network
Diagrams

AON AOA