Reviewing

Industrialization
Arts and Crafts Movement
  The Arts and Crafts Movement revived traditional artistic
craftsmanship with themes of simplicity, honesty, function,
harmony, nature and social reform. The movement promoted
moral and social health through quality of architecture and design
executed by skilled creative workers, and was a revolt against the
poor quality of industrialized mass production.

• 19th Century, Britain.

ORIGIN • 1860-1915
• As a rebellion against the industrial revolution
• For, industrial revolution separated humans from creativity &
individualism .
• The Arts & Crafts Movement was a rebellion of substance as well
as style.
  Simple, refined aesthetics (beauty)
 simple, functional design (utility)
 living simply

Ideals 

social reform (individuals more rational; society more harmonious)
the virtue of a well decorated middle class home
from the  handcrafted objects
Arts and  high quality craftsmanship
 the joy of working and crafting with one's own hands
Crafts  creating objects well designed and affordable to all
Movement  creating harmony with nature
 using and sustaining natural materials
 maintaining a sense of space and environment
 staying spiritually connected to home and nature
 creating space for inner peace away from jobs and factories
 Britain & United States – movement relied on talent & creativity of
individual craftsmen. However overseas, movement differed in
other ways.
 British movement –
focused on gothic style
design was intricate , colourful , realistic.
In aim to provide common man quality goods, but resulted in
different limiting to upper class.

areas  United States –(Mission Style)

Inspiration from materials – highlighting the texture , color &
form of materials.
Furniture & arch. Designs – use of machines & craftsmen.
Lower prices + wide consumers.
  BRITISH MOVEMENT focused on the richly detailed gothic style
 Their interior walls were either white-washed or covered in wallpaper
depicting medieval themes.
 The pottery and textile designs were intricate, colorful and realistic.
The Arts  While the original intent was to provide handmade goods to the
common man, the cost of paying craftsmen an honest wage resulted
and Crafts in higher prices than the common man could afford.
 This limited the movement to the upper class.
Movement  ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT ARCHITECTS:
in England 1. JOHN RUSKIN (1819-1900)
2. WILLIAM MORRIS (1834-1896)
3. PHILIP WEBB (1831-1915)
4. RICHARD NORMAN SHAW
5. EDEN NESFIELD
6. GEORGE EDMUND STREET
- John Ruskin & William Morris.
John Ruskin – Philosophical Leader.
-philosophical foundation of Art & Craft
Movement.

William Morris – book designer , textiles , painter .

-converted the concepts to theory of Design.
  leading member of the Arts and Crafts
William Movement-artist, designer, printer,
typographer, bookbinder, craftsman, poet,
Morris writer.
(1834-  best known for his pattern designs, particularly
on fabrics and wallpapers.
1896)  vision - linking art to industry by applying the
and the values of fine art to the production of
commercial design.
Arts and  Morris said, "Have nothing in your house that
Crafts you do not know to be useful, or believe to be
beautiful
Movement
William Morris - 'Tulip and Willow'
Pencil and Watercolour sketch for
print design, 1873
  leading member of the Arts and Crafts Movement-artist, designer, printer,
typographer, bookbinder, craftsman, poet, writer.
William  best known for his pattern designs, particularly on fabrics and wallpapers.

Morris  vision - linking art to industry by applying the values of fine art to the
production of commercial design.
(1834-  Morris said, "Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful, or
1896) believe to be beautiful
 Later he expanded into
and the  stained glass ,
Arts and  books,
 tapestries and
Crafts  carpets making characteristic use of stylized , two dimensional designs which
Movement emphasized the character of the material he was working with, in contrast to
the exaggerated chiaroscuro of the contemporary machine – produced
designs typified by the great exhibition.
  Philip Speakman Web was born on January 12,
1831 in Oxford, England, is called as the Father
of Arts and Crafts movement along with
William Moris.

PHILIP  Apart from his comfortable country homes, he

also designed furniture's, wallpapers,
WEBB tapestries and stained glass.

1831 -  He is known for his unconventional country

houses and townhouses or row houses.
1915  He believed having a traditional, comfortable
and functional space instead of an ornate
Victorian style.
 He was a co worker along with William
Morris.
RED HOUSE
  The American Arts and Crafts movement was inextricably linked to
the British movement and closely aligned with the work of William
The Arts Morris and the second generation of architect-designers, including
Charles Robert Ashbee (1863–1942)
and Crafts  The U.S. movement was multicentered, with societies forming
Movement nationwide. Boston, historically linked to English culture, was the
first city to feature a Society of Arts and Crafts, founded in June
in America 1897.
 Eminent people included major figures such as Frank Lloyd
Wright, Charles and Henry Greene, and Gustav Stickley.
 1. "CRAFTSMAN“
 Style architecture,
 furniture, and
 other decorative arts such as the designs promoted by Gustav
Stickley in his magazine, The Craftsman.

 -A host of imitators of Stickley's furniture included three

companies formed by his brothers
 2. The ROYCROFT community founded by Elbert Hubbard,
 3. The "PRAIRIE SCHOOL" of Frank Lloyd Wright,
 4. The COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL MOVEMENT,
 4. The BUNGALOW STYLE of houses popularized by Greene and
Greene.
 DESIGN PRINCIPLES:
 Examples: Harold Bradley House, Oak Park Home – Frank Lloyd
Write
 The British movement focused on the richly detailed gothic style.
Their interior walls were either white-washed or covered in
wallpaper depicting medieval themes. The pottery and textile
designs were intricate, colorful and realistic. While the original
intent was to provide handmade goods to the common man, the
cost of paying craftsmen an honest wage resulted in higher prices
than the common man could afford. This limited the movement to
the upper class.
 In contrast, the American movement drew inspiration from the
materials, choosing to highlight the grain of the wood or the form
of the pot.
Reviewing
Industrialization
ART NOUVEAU Movement
Design Characteristics :
1. No object was too utilitarian
to be "beautified“
2. Art Nouveau saw no
separation in principle
between different types of
arts
3. It sought a new graphic design
language
4. It embraces a variety of
stylistic interpretations
 Art nouveau artists and designers transformed modern industrial
materials such as iron and glass into graceful, curving forms often
drawn from nature, though with playful elements of fantasy.
 In contrast the architects of the Chicago School, art nouveau
designers were interested in architecture as a form of stylistic
expression rather than as a structural system.
 The name "Art Nouveau" derived from the name of a shop in Paris,
Maison de l'Art Nouveau, at the time run by Samuel Bing, that
showcased objects that followed this approach to design.
ARCHITECTS ASSOCIATED WITH ART NOVEAU:
1. Antoni Gaudi
2. Victor Horta of Brussels.
3. Charles Rennie Mackintosh
4. Hector Germain Guimard
5. Henry van de Velde
ANTONI
GAUDI
Sagrada
Familia
 Glory facade
Passion facade

Glory facade
CASA MILA
Victor
horta
HOTEL
TASSEL
 1894-Exhibitions with Herbert McNair and the
MacDonald Sisters, later known as the Glasgow
Four,- Mackintosh developed an artistic
relationship with Margaret MacDonald,
CHARLES Frances Macdonald and Herbert McNair.

RENNIE Known as "The Four", they exhibited posters,

furnishings, and a variety of
MAKINTOSH graphic designs in Glasgow, London, Vienna
and Turin. These exhibitions helped establish
Mackintosh's reputation. Marries Margaret
MacDonald in 1900 and works with her on
most projects.
GLASGOW
SCHOOL OF
ART
HENRY VAN
DE VELDE