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Acceleration of Objects Rolling Down An Inclined Plane
Acceleration of Objects Rolling Down An Inclined Plane
A B
θ θ
C C
RA = RB, MA > MB, θA = θB
Which of them reaches point C first?
A B
θ θ
C C
RA = RB, MA = MB, θA = θB
Which of them reaches point C first?
A B
θ θ
C C
Deriving the Formula for
Acceleration
AN OVERVIEW
1. Draw a free-body diagram
and identify all the force
components
Ffriction = Mgcos(θ)μ
ω
N
Q R
Mgsin(θ)
θ
Mgcos(θ) = N
v
a
Mg
2. Assume Pure Roll (no slipping)
𝑣𝑄 = 𝑣𝑅 = 𝜔𝑅 𝑎
𝛼=
a = 𝜔𝑅
ሶ = 𝛼𝑅 𝑅
3. Use the General Equations of Motion
𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑀𝑎
Solve for a
𝜏𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝐼𝛼
𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑀𝑎
Ffriction = Mgcos(θ)μ
N
ω • Mgsin(θ ) and Friction
Q R
Mgsin(θ)
𝜏𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝐼𝛼
θ
Mgcos(θ) = N • Friction only
Mg
𝒈𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒂= 𝑰 )
𝟏+
𝑴𝑹𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
𝒂= 𝒈𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒂= 𝒈𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
A 𝟐 B 𝟑
θ θ
C C
Why is this the case?
THINK ABOUT ENERGY CONSERVATION
𝟏 𝟐
𝒂= 𝒈𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒂= 𝒈𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
A 𝟐 B 𝟑
𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎𝒈𝒉 𝑷𝑬 = 𝒎𝒈𝒉
PEA = PEB
θ θ
C C
PE
1
𝐼= 𝑀𝑅2 𝐼 = 𝑀𝑅2
2
KE
Assumptions:
𝒎 𝒎
𝒂𝒈𝒐𝒍𝒇 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟎 𝟐 𝒂𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒈 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟏 𝟐
𝒔 𝒔
Conclusion
• FOR ANY HOMOGENEOUS OBJECT ROLLING ON AN INCLINED
PLANE AND IN PURE ROLL, THE FACTORS AFFECTING ITS
TRANSLATIONAL ACCELERATION ARE THE ANGLE OF
INCLINATION AND THE MOMENT OF INERTIA ONLY.
• ANY HOMOGENEOUS OBJECTS ROLLING ON THE SAME INCLINED
PLANE UNDER PURE ROLL, REGARDLESS OF THEIR MASS AND
RADIUS, WILL HAVE THE SAME TRANSLATIONAL ACCELERATION IF
THEY HAVE THE SAME MOMENT OF INERTIA.
Thank you!
ANY QUESTIONS?