LIFE AND WORKS OF

JOSE RIZAL
- FIRST TRAVEL
- FIRST HOMECOMING

- WEEK 5
PREPARED BY:

YANNEL M. VILLABER
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FIRST TRAVEL OF JOSE RIZAL

(1882-1887)
Yannel M. Villaber 15/01/2020
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SECRET MISSION OF JOSE RIZAL
Rizal conceived the secret mission, with
the blessing of his brother Paciano was to do the
following:
Observe keenly the life and culture,
languages and customs, industries and
commerce and governments and laws of the
European nations in order to prepare himself for
the task of liberating his people from Spanish
Tyranny
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RIZAL’S DEPARTURE FOR SPAIN

His parents, Leonor Rivera and the Spanish authorities
knew nothing about his secret departure except;
1. Paciano
2. Antonio Rivera
3. Saturnina(Neneng)
4. Lucia
5. Leonor Valenzuela and family
6. Pedro Paterno
7. Mateo Evangelista
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HIGHLIGHTS:
• When Jose Rizal becomes Jose Mercado
▫ Due to the popularity of the surname and perhaps the
kind Jesuit priest who gave him letters of
recommendation for their Society in Barcelona – he
was claimed as a cousin
▫ May 3, 1882 – he left Manila through the steamer
Salvadora, with 16 passenger including him.
▫ May 8, 1882 – the Salvadora reached Singapore (an
English Colony), he stayed in Singapore for two days
spending his time sightseeing the sorties of the city.
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HIGHLIGHTS:
• May 11, 1882 – he was board Djemnah, accordingly it is
more larger and cleaner than Salvadora. During the travel
he was ale to learn French language and observation,
because the steamer’s speaking language is French.
• May 17, 1882 – he steamer arrived at the Point Galle,
Ceylon. The town was quiet, lovely and sad at the same
time.
• May 18, 1882 – he had an stopover at Colombo, Ceylon,
which describe by him as smart, elegant than Singapore,
Point Galle and Manila.
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HIGHLIGHTS:
• May 28, 1882 – from Colombo, Djemnah continued it
voyage and crossed the Indian Ocean until he reached
Cape of Guardafin, Africa to Aden, Africa where he was
able to see camels for the first time.
• June 2, 1882 – he proceeded to Suez Canal. It took 5days
to travel in the said canal, then they reached the Port
Said.
• June 11, 1882 – from Port Said, the steamer proceeded it
travel to Europe and reached the Naple City, Italy. The
city was busy because of its business activity, lively
people and panoramic beauty.
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HIGHLIGHTS:
• June 12, 1882 – the steamer docked at the French harbor
of Marseilles, France. Rizal disembarked and visited the
Chateau d’if where Dantes (The Count of Monte Cristo)
was in jailed. He stayed in Marseilles for 3 days.
• June 16, 1882 – by a train he continued his trip to
Barcelona, Spain. He stayed in Hotel de España. He
visited Ronda de la Universidad de Barcelona. At first, he
had a bad impresions to Barcelona – because he
happened to stay in a stingy people inn. But later on, he
realized the atmosphere of freedom and liberalism
around the place, the people were open-hearted,
hospitable and courageous.
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HIGHLIGHTS:
• Life in Barcelona:
1. He was welcomed by his former classmates
in Ateneo.
2. He was treated and guided by his friend
in European way.
3. He received the bad news about the cholera
outbreak in Manila.
4. Leonor Rivera’s recounting happiness
who getting thinner and thinner due to
the absence of her love-one.
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HIGHLIGHTS:
• November 3, 1882 – he left Barcelona for Madrid through the
advised of Paciano.
Life in Madrid:
1. He enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid (Philosophy
and Letters and Medicine)
2. He lived frugally, budgeting hid money wisely.
3. He used to buy lottery tickets in every draw in Madrid
Lottery.
4. He spent his leisure time in reading books.
5. He met and attracted to Consuelo Ortega y Rey.
6. He graduated his degree in Philosophy and Letter and
Medicine.
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HIGHLIGHTS:
Life in Paris, France:
• June 15, 1883 – Rizal was invited to speak for the
celebration for the double victory for the two artist namely:
Juan Luna (Spoliarium) and Felix R. Hidalgo (Virgenes
Christianas Expuestas El Populacio), for winning the 1st and
2nd prizes in the Paris Exposition for the Arts.
• He lived in Paris, France for 4 months and be came an
assistant to the clinic of Dr. Louis de Wecket.
• He also became a model for the artworks of Juan Luna
(“The Death of Cleopatra” and “The Blood Compact”).
• After his stay in Paris, he left for Heidelberg, Germany.
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HIGHLIGHTS:
Heidelberg, Germany
1. He work in the University Eye Hospital under the supervision
of Dr. Otto Becker.
2. He also attended some lectures of Dr. Becker and Dr. Wilhelm
Kuehne.
3. He visited some scenic places in Heidelberg, such as castles,
rivers and old churches.
4. He was also befriended with Dr. Karl Ullmer, during summer
vacation where he stayed in Wilhelmsfeld.
5. He wrote his first letter to Ferdinand Blumentritt.
- During the 5th centenary celebration of Heidelberg, he decide to
left and went to Leipzig, Germany via train.
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HIGHLIGHTS:
• Leipzig, Germany: August 14, 1886
- He attended the lectures at the University of Leipzig in
history and psychology.
- He met Dr. Hans Meyer and Prof. Friedrich Ratzel.
- He translated Scheller ’s William Tell and Hans Christian
Andersons’s Fairy Tale.
• Dresden, Germany: October 29, 1886
- He met Dr. Adolf Meyer
• - After two days of stay he left Dresden and went to Berlin, Germany in the
evening of November 1, 1886.
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BERLIN, GERMANY
• Rizal was enchanted by Berlin because of its scientific atmosphere
and the absence of race prejudice
• Rizal met for the first time Dr. Feodor Jagor, celebrated German
scientist-traveler and author of Travels in the Philippines, a book
which Rizal read and admired during his student days in Manila
• Dr. Rudolf Virchow- introduced to Rizal by Dr. Jagor; famous German
anthropologist
• Dr. Hans Virchow- son of Dr. Rudolf Virchow, professor of
Descriptive Anatomy.
• Dr. Ernest Schweigger (1830-1905)- famous German
ophthalmologist where Rizal worked
• Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society, the
Ethnological Society, and the Geographical Society of Berlin, upon
the recommendation of Dr. Jagor and Dr. Meyer.
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GRAND TOUR IN EUROPE
- May 11, 1887 – Rizal and Viola left Berlin for Dresden. They
visited Dr. Adolf B. Meyer. While strolling at the scene of the
Floral Exposition, they met Dr. Jagor, and suggested them to
meet Blumentritt.
- May 13, 1887 –Rizal and Viola reached Leitmeritz, Bohemia.
They met Ferdinand Blumentritt. The two enjoyed the warm
hospitality of the Blumentritt family.
- They also met famous scientist Dr. Carlos Czepelah and another
eminent naturalist Robert Klutschak.
- May 17, 1887 – they left Leitmeritz by train on their way to the
city of Prague. They carried recommendation letters of Prof.
Blumentritt Dr. Wilhomm, a professor of Natural History in the
University of Prague.
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GRAND TOUR IN EUROPE
- May 19, 1887 – they reached the city of Brunn.
- May 20, 1887 – they arrived at the city of Vienna, Austria.
They visited famous interesting scenic places like churches,
museums, art galleries, theatres, public parks, beautiful
buildings, and religious images. They also met Mr. Norfenfoe
(European novelist) and Masner and Nordmenn (Austrian
scholars).
- May 24, 1887 – they left Vienna, via river boat to see the
beautiful sights of the Danube river. The river voyage ended in
Lintz, afterwards they travelled on land to Salzburg and from
there Munich. In Munich, they had a short time savouring the
famous Munich beer (best beer in Germany).
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GRAND TOUR IN EUROPE
- From Munich, they went to Nuremberg (oldest city in Germany),
were their impressed by the manufacturer of dolls which was the
biggest industry in the city. Afterwards, they went to Ulm
particularly he city cathedral, they enjoyed they view upon reaching
the top, even though Viola felt dizzy and tried.
- All they visit Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden and Rheinfall.
- June 2-3, 1887 – they continued their trip on a boat and reached
Basel, Bern, Laussenne, and they cross to the lake of Geneva.
- June 6, 1887- they reached Geneve, Switzerland. While in Geneva,
Rizal received sad news from his friends in Madrid about the
conditions of Igorots, who were exhibited in the 1887 Madrid
Exposition, some of the natives died.
 Yannel M. Villaber 15/01/2020

-
GRAND TOUR
th
IN EUROPE
June 19, 1887 – it was 26 birthday, he treated Viola to a blow-out
with a sumptuous meal. He also wrote a letter to Blumentritt
regarding Industrial exhibition.
- June 23, 1887 – Rizal and Viola parted ways. They both spent 15 days
in Geneva. Viola returned to Barcelona and Rizal continued his tour to
Italy.
- June 24, 1887 – Rizal went to Italy, and visited Turin, Milan, Venice and
Florence.
- June 27, 1887 – he reached Rome and visited famous architectural
buildings.
- June 29, 1887 – he visited the Vatican City. He has sightseeing and was
impressed by the magnificent edifice like St. Peter’s Church, the rare
works of the art, the vast St. Peter’s Square, and the colourful Papal
Guard. After a week travel in Rome, he decided to return to the
Philippines.
Yannel M. Villaber 15/01/2020

RIZAL’S FIRST HOMECOMING

(1887-1888)
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RIZAL’S PLANS OF HOMECOMING

• As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go back to
the Philippines for the following reasons:
– Financial difficulties in Calamba
– Dissatisfaction with his studies in Madrid
– Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear
going home.
– His belief that the Spanish regime will not punish
the innocent.
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DECISION TO RETURN HOME

• After five years of his memorable sojourn in
Europe, Rizal returned to the Philippines.

• However, Rizal was warned by the following not

to return to the Philippines because his Noli Me
Tangere angered the friars:
– Paciano Mercado – Rizal’s adviser and only brother.
– Silvestre Ubaldo – Rizal’s brother in law; husband of
Olimpia.
– Jose Ma. Cecilio (Chenggoy) – one of Rizal’s closest
friends.
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• Rizal was determined to come back to the

Philippines for the following reasons:
– To operate his mother’s eyes
– To serve his people who had long been oppressed
by Spanish tyrants.
– To find out for himself how the Noli Me Tangere
and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and
Spaniards.
– To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.
 Yannel M. Villaber 15/01/2020
RIZAL ARRIVES IN MANILA
• Rizal left Rome by train to Marseilles, a French
port and boarded Djemnah, the same steamer
that brought him to Europe five years ago.
• There were 50 passengers: 4 Englishmen, 2
Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese, 40 Frenchmen,
and 1 Filipino (Rizal)
• When the ship reached Aden, the weather
became rough and some of Rizal’s book got wet.
• In Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam – he transferred
to another steamer, Haiphong, that brought him
to Manila.
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HAPPY HOMECOMING
• When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors spread that he
was a:
– German spy
– An agent of Otto Von Bismarck – the liberator of Germany.
– A Protestant
– A Mason
– A soul halfway to damnation
• Paciano – did not leave him during the first days after
arrival to protect him from any enemy assault.
• Don Francisco – did not permit him to go out alone
 Yannel M. Villaber 15/01/2020

IN CALAMBA
• Rizal established a medical clinic.
• Doña Teodora – was Rizal’s first patient
• Rizal treated her eyes but could not perform
any surgical operation because her cataracts
were not yet ripe.
• He painted several beautiful landscapes in
Calamba.
• He translated German poems of Von
Wildernath in Tagalog.
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• Doctor Uliman – Rizal was called this name

because he came from Germany.
– He earned P900 in a few months and P5,000
before he left the Philippines.
• Gymnasium – was opened by Rizal for the
young people
• He introduced European sports fencing and
shooting to discourage them from cockfighting
and gambling.
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SAD MOMENTS WHILE RIZAL WAS

IN CALAMBA
• Leonor Rivera – Rizal tried to visit her in Tarlac
but his parents forbade him to go because
Leonor’s mother did not like him for a son-in-
law.
• Olimpia Mercado-Ubaldo – died because of
child birth.
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STORM OVER THE NOLI ME TANGERE

• As Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his enemies
plotted his doom.

• Governor General Emilio Terrero – wrote to Rizal requesting

to come to Malacañang Palace.
– Somebody had whispered to his ear that the Noli contains
subversive ideas.
– Rizal explained to him that he merely exposed the truth, but did
not advocate subversive ideas.
– He was pleased by Rizal’s explanation and curious about the
book, he asked for a copy of the novel.
– Rizal had no copy that time but promised to send one for him.
 Yannel M. Villaber 15/01/2020

RIZAL VISITED THE JESUITS

• Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for their
feedback on the novel.
• He was gladly welcomed by the following
friars:
– Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
– Fr. Jose Bech
– Fr. Federico Faura – told Rizal that everything in
the novel was the truth and warned him that he
may lose his head because of it.
 Yannel M. Villaber 15/01/2020

• Governor-General Emilio Terrero – a liberal

minded Spaniard who knew that Rizal’s life
was in jeopardy because the friars were
powerful.
– Because of this he gave Rizal a bodyguard to
protect him.
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JOSE TAVIEL DE ANDRADE

• A young Spanish
lieutenant who came
from a noble family
• He was cultured and
knew painting
• He could speak French,
English and Spanish.
• They became good
friends.
Yannel M. Villaber 15/01/2020

ATTACKERS OF THE NOLI

• Archbishop Pedro Payo
– a Dominican
• Archbishop of Manila
• Sent a copy of the Noli
to Fr. Gregorio
Echevarria, Rector of
the University of Santo
Tomas to examine the
novel.
 Yannel M. Villaber 15/01/2020
UST AND RIZAL
• The committee that examined the Noli Me
Tangere were composed of Dominican
professors.
• The report of the faculty members from UST
about the Noli states that the novel was:
– Heretical, impious and scandalous in the religious
orders, and anti-patriotic, subversive of pubic
order, injurious to the government of Spain and its
function in the Philippine Islands in the political
order.
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• Governor-General Terrero – was not satisfied

with the report so he sent the novel to the
Permanent Commission of Censorship which was
composed of priests and lawyers.
• Fr. Salvador Font – Augustinian friar curate of
Tondo was the head of the commission.
– The group found that the novel contain subversive
ideas against the Church and Spain and recommended
that the importation, reproduction and circulation of
the pernicious book in the islands be absolutely
prohibited.
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• The newspaper published Font’s written

report
• The banning of the Noli Me Tangere served to
make it popular
• The masses supported the book.
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• Fr. Jose Rodriguez – Augustinian Prior of

Guadalupe
– Published a series of eight pamphlets under the
heading Questions of Supreme Interest to blast
the Noli and other anti-Spanish writing.
– Copies of anti-Rizal pamphlets were sold after
mass
– Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order
not to displease the friars.
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RIZAL’S REASONS FOR LEAVING THE
PHILIPPINES

• His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the

safety and happiness of his family and friends.
• He could not fight better his enemies and
serve his country’s cause with greater efficacy
by writing in foreign countries.
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HIMNO AL TRABAJO
• A Poem for Lipa – shortly before Rizal left in
1888, he was asked by a friend to write a
poem in commemoration of the town’s
cityhood.
• Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn To Labor) – title of
the poem dedicated to the industrious people
of Lipa.
 Yannel M. Villaber 15/01/2020

FAREWELL PHILIPPINES

• On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his country with

a heavy heart.
• But this is for his own good and the safety of
his family and friends.
REFERENCES

• Coates, Austin. Rizal : Philippine

Nationalist and Martyr, 1992.
Solidaridad Publishing House, Ermita,
Manila.