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Velocity Triangles

This document discusses velocity triangles for turbines. It begins by defining the key variables used in velocity triangles including blade velocity, jet velocity, inlet and outlet angles, relative velocities, and velocity of whirl. It then explains how to draw velocity triangles for impulse and reaction turbines at the inlet and outlet. Examples are provided and important points are highlighted such as ensuring the scale and shape of the vane are correct. Forces on the vane and specific speed of turbines are also discussed. The document concludes by assigning practice problems and numerical questions to work through.

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7K views33 pages

Velocity Triangles

This document discusses velocity triangles for turbines. It begins by defining the key variables used in velocity triangles including blade velocity, jet velocity, inlet and outlet angles, relative velocities, and velocity of whirl. It then explains how to draw velocity triangles for impulse and reaction turbines at the inlet and outlet. Examples are provided and important points are highlighted such as ensuring the scale and shape of the vane are correct. Forces on the vane and specific speed of turbines are also discussed. The document concludes by assigning practice problems and numerical questions to work through.

Uploaded by

Abubakar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Lecture Title: Turbine Velocity Triangles: Introduces the topic of turbine velocity triangles, explaining their importance in mechanical engineering contexts.
  • Velocity Triangles at Inlet and Outlet: Details the components of velocity triangles, explaining key variables used in the diagrams for turbine analysis.
  • Inlet and Outlet Velocity Triangles: Explains the process of drawing inlet and outlet velocity triangles with attention to different scenarios affecting flow.
  • Impulse Turbine: Discusses the mechanics of impulse turbines with illustrated diagrams, focusing on deflection angles and flow dynamics.
  • Example Problems: Presents example problems to illustrate the application of concepts related to velocity triangles.
  • Design Aspects of Pelton Wheel: Outlines key design parameters for Pelton wheels, focusing on velocity, dimensions, and number of components.
  • Assignments and Practice Numericals: Concludes with assignment questions and practice numericals related to the studied material.

Lecture 9

TURBINE VELOCITY TRIANGLES


CED, CECOS University, Peshawar

1.1
V- Triangles at Inlet and Outlet

u = velocity of blade
V1 = Jet velocity at the Inlet
α1 = Inlet nozzle angle
Vr1 = Relative Velocity at Inlet
Β1 = Blade angle at Inlet
Vw1 = Velocity of Whirl
Vf1 = Velocity of flow
K = Friction of Blade

2
How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for
Impulse & Reaction Turbine

3
How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for
Impulse & Reaction Turbine

4
How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for
Impulse & Reaction Turbine

5
How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for
Impulse & Reaction Turbine

6
How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for
Impulse & Reaction Turbine

7
V- Triangles at Inlet and Outlet
u = velocity of blade
V1 = Jet velocity at the Inlet
α1 = Inlet nozzle angle
Vr1 = Relative Velocity at Inlet
Β1 = Blade angle at Inlet
Vw1 = Velocity of Whirl
Vf1 = Velocity of flow

Note: In some books α1 = α , β1


= θ & α2 = β, β2 = φ

Note: If the vane is smooth then


Vr1 = Vr2, and K = 1
8
Note: Vw2 may be
positive or negative.
»If ‘u2’ is greater than
Vr2cosine(β2), then
value of Vw2 is positive
& vice versa

9
V- Triangle at Inlet for Impulse Turbine

For Impulse Turbine


α1 & β1 = 0º

10
Impulse Turbine

11
Example 1.17

12
Example 1.17

13
Important Points
• It is necessary that the shape of the vane is known prior to initiating
velocity triangles
• Scale is important for drawing the velocity triangles
• While drawing inlet triangle, first draw ‘u’ to the scale, then ‘V1’ at the
mentioned angle ‘α1’ to the scale
• Now join tip of ‘u’ with the tip of ‘V1’ to get ‘Vr1’ and angle ‘β1’, then
obtain the ‘Vw1’ and ‘Vf1’. The Inlet triangle is complete
• Now draw the half vane in such a way that ‘Vr1’ is tangent to the inlet tip

14
Important Points
• Now decide the other half shape of the vane (outlet)
• At the outlet tip the shape of vane should be adjusted such that ‘Vr2’ is
tangential to the outlet tip of the vane
• Draw ‘u’ to the scale, and join tip of ‘u’ with the tail of ‘Vr2’ to get ‘V2’
• Now complete the outlet velocity triangle

15
Force on Vane or Blade

16
Force on Vane or Blade

17
18
19
20
Numericals
EXAMPLE 29.14: A jet of water moving at 60 m/s is deflected by a vane moving at
25 m/s in a direction at 30º to the direction of the jet. The water leaves the blades
normally to the motion of the Vanes. Take the relative velocity at the outlet as 0.85
times that at the inlet.

• Draw inlet and outlet velocity triangles


• Find the vane angles
• Find work done and force exerted

Here β1 = θ and β2 = φ

Follow R. S. Khurmi book of


Fluid Mechanics
21
Numericals
EXAMPLE 29.15: A jet of water moving at 30 m/s impinges on a series of vanes
with velocity of 15 m/s. The jet makes an angle of 30º to the direction of motion of
vanes when entering and leaves at an angle of 120º.

• Draw inlet and outlet velocity triangles


• Find the vane angles
• Find work done and the force exerted

Here β1 = θ and β2 = φ

Follow R. S. Khurmi book of


Fluid Mechanics
22
Specific Speed of Turbine

23
Specific Speed of Turbine

24
Design aspects of Pelton Wheel

25
Design aspects of Pelton Wheel

26
Solve problems on page 511 to 527
From R. S. Khurmi book of Fluid
Mechanics

27
Assignment # 03

28
Practice Numericals

29
Practice Numericals

30
Practice Numericals

31
Practice Numericals

32
THE END

33

TURBINE VELOCITY TRIANGLES 1.1 Lecture 9 CED, CECOS University, Peshawar
2 V- Triangles at Inlet and Outlet u = velocity of blade V1 =Jet velocity at the Inlet α1 =Inlet nozzle angle Vr1 =Relative V
3 How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for Impulse & Reaction Turbine
4 How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for Impulse & Reaction Turbine
5 How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for Impulse & Reaction Turbine
6 How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for Impulse & Reaction Turbine
7 How to draw velocity triangles at inlet and outlet for Impulse & Reaction Turbine
8 V- Triangles at Inlet and Outlet u = velocity of blade V1 =Jet velocity at the Inlet α1 =Inlet nozzle angle Vr1 =Relative V
9 Note: Vw2 may be positive or negative. »If ‘u2’ is greater than Vr2cosine(β2), then value of Vw2 is positive & vice versa
10 V- Triangle at Inlet for Impulse Turbine For Impulse Turbine α1 & β1 = 0º

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