Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Examples
1.
a. Determine the PW, FW, and AW of the following
engineering project when the MARR is 15 % per year.
Proposal A
Investment cost 10,000
Expected life 5 years
Market (salvage) value - 1,000
Annual receipts 8,000
Annual expenses 4,000
A negative salvage value means that there is a net cost to
dispose of an asset,
b. Determine the IRR of the project. Is it acceptable?
c. What is the ERR for this project? Assume
= 15% per year.
(a) PW(15%) = 10,000 + ( 8,000 - 4000)(P/A,15%,5) - 1,000 (P/F,15%,5)
= - 10,000 + 4000(3.3522) - 1,000 (0.4972) = 2911.6
FW(15%) = - 10,000 (F/P,15%,5) + ( 8,000 - 4000) (F/A,l5%,5) - 1,000
= - 10,000 (2.0114) + 4000(6.7424) - 1,000 = 5855.6
AW(15%) = 8,000 - 4000 - [ 10,000(A/P,15%,5) - (- 1000)(A/F,15%,5)]
= 4000 - [ 10,000(0.2983) + 1,000(0.1483)] = 868.70
(b) PW(i’%) = 0 = - 10,000 + (8,000 - 4,000)(P/A, i’%, 5) - 1,000(P/F, i’ %,5)
PW(15%)= 2,911.60 > 0 => i’% > 15%
PW(25%) = 429.50 > 0, => i’% > 25%
PW(30%) = - 526.90 < 0, => i’% < 30%
Linear interpolation between 25% and 30% yields: i’% = 27.2%
Since the IRR> MARR, the project is acceptable.
(c) [10,000 + 1,000(P/F, 0.15, 5)] (F/P, i, 5) = 4,000 (F/A, 0.15, 5)
=> (F/P, i, 5) = 2.569 => i = 0.21
A company is considering constructing a plant to
manufacture a proposed new product. The land costs
300,000, the building costs 600,000, the equipment costs
250,000, and 100,000 additional working capital is
required. It is expected that the product will result in
sales of 750,000 per year for 10 years, at which time the
land can be sold for 400,000, the building for 350,000,
and the equipment for 50,000. All of the working capital
would be recovered.
The annual expenses for labor, materials, and all other
items are estimated to total 475,000. If the company
requires an MARR of 25% per year on projects of
comparable risk, determine if it should invest in the new
product line. Use the PW method.
Capital Investment = - 300,000 - 600,000 - 250,000 - 100,000
= - 1,250,000
Revenue = 750,000 per year
Market Value = 400,000 + 350,000 + 50,000 + 100,000 =
900,000
Expenses = - 475,000 per year
PW(25%) = - 1,250,000 + ( 750,000 - 475,000) (P/A,25%, 10) +
900,000(P/F,25%, 10)
= - 1,250,000 + 275,000(3.5705) + 900,000(0.1074)
= - 171.452.50 < 0
3. A 20-year bond with a face value of 5,000 is
offered for sale at 3,800. The nominal rate of
interest on the bond is 7%, paid semiannually.
This bond is now 8 years old (i.e., the owner
has received 16 semiannual interest payments).
If the bond is purchased for 3,800, what effective
annual rate of interest would be realized on this
investment opportunity?
3,800 = 5,000 (P/F,i’%,24) + 175 (P/A,i’%,24)
PW(5%) = 165.26 > 0, => i’% > 5%
PW(6%) = - 368.68 <0, => i’% < 6%
Linear interpolation between 5% and 6% yields:
i’% = 5.3% per six month period.
i/yr (1.053)2 - 1 = 0.1088 or 10.88% /year
4. Refinancing Example :
Susie Queue has a 100,000 mortgage on her deluxe
townhouse in urban Philadelphia. She makes monthly
payments on a 10% nominal interest rate (compounded
monthly) loan and has a 30-year mortgage. Home
mortgages are presently available at a 7% nominal
interest rate on a 30-year loan. Susie has lived in the
town house for only two years, and she is considering
refinancing her mortgage at a 7% nominal interest rate.
The mortgage company informs her that the one-time
cost to refinance the present mortgage is 4,500.
How many months must Susie continue to live in her
townhouse to make the decision to refinance a good one?
Her MARR is the return she can earn on a 30-month
certificate of deposit that pays 0.5 % per month (6%
nominal interest).
Original Mortgage Payment:
i /mo = 10%/12 = 0.833%
A = l00,000(A/P,0.833%,360) = l00,000(0.0087757) = 877.57
Reinaining principal after two years of payments:
P24 = 877.57(P/A,0.833%,336) = 877.57(1 12.61763) = 98,829.86
New payment if refinanced over remaining 28 years:
i / mo = 0.07/12 = 0.583%
A = 98,829.86(A/P,0.583%,336) = 98,829.86(0.0067961) = 671.66
Savings per month if refinanced = 877.57 - 671.66 = 205.91
Number of months Susie should remain in her townhouse to make
this a worthwhile venture:
4,500 = 205.91(P/A,0.5%,N)
(P/A,0.5%,N) = 4,500/205.91 = 21.8542
From Table C-2, N ~ 24 months.
5. Suppose that you borrow 1,000 from the Easy Credit
Company with the agreement to repay it over a 5-year
period. Their stated interest
rate is 9% per year. They show you the following items in
determining the monthly payment:
Principal 1,000
Total interest: 0.09 (5 years) (1,000) 450
They ask you to pay 20% of the interest immediately, so
you leave with 1,000 - 90 = 910 in your pocket. Your
monthly payment is calculated as follows:
(1,000 + 450) / 60 = 24.17 / month
There are two internal rates of return: 4.9% and 31.2%: ERR Method:
2,400,000 (P/F,8%,4)(F/P,i’%,10) = 500,000(F/P,8%,9) +300,000(F/P,8%,8)
+ 100,000(F/P,8%,7) + 150,000(P/A,8%,6)(F/P,8%,6)
+ 550,000(P/G,8%,6)(F/P,8%,6) => = 7.6%