GLOBALIZATION

MS. CILYN C. SILOS

COMPETING CONCEPTIONS OF
GLOBALIZATION
“Closer integration of national economies through trade and
financial flows as well as cross-border migration of people. As
national economies ‘open up’ and lower their external barriers,
they become more exposed-and more vulnerable-to global
forces and influences”

-United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

(UNCTAD)
• EU’s “FOUR FREEDOMS”

1. Free movement of products

2. Free movement of service
3. Free movement of capital or investment
4. Free movement of persons
“ is not static, but a dynamic ongoing process: globalization involves
the inexorable integration of markets, nation-states, and
technologies to a degree never witnessed before-in a way that is
enabling individuals, corporations, and nation-states to reach
around the world farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever
before, and in a way that is …also producing a powerful backlash
from the brutalized or left behind by this new system”
-Thomas Friedman
American political commentator and author
“the process by which the world is becoming increasingly
interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and
cultural exchange [which] has increased the production of goods
and services [and] has been taking place for hundreds of years,
but has speeded up enormously over the last half-century”

-British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

“Globalization occur in multiple dimensions called “scapes”,
which are ethnoscape, mediascape, technoscape, and
ideoscape”.

-Arjhun Apparudai
Anthropologist
DEFINE
 According to Manfred Steger, a globalization expert,
since its earliest appearance in 1960s, the term
‘globalization’ has been used in both popular and
academic literature to describe a process, a condition, a
system, a force, and an age. Given that these competing
labels have very different meanings, their indiscriminate
usage is often obscure and invites confusion
“the expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across world-time and across world-space”
HOW AND WHEN DID GLOVALIZATION
START?
CAUSES OF GLOBALIZATION

• Improved transportation
• Communication
• Trade agreements
• Technologies and other innovations
DIFFERENCE OF GLOBALIZATION TO
INTERNATIONALIZATION AND EXAMPLES

Internationalization refers to processes and systems that pertain

to relationships between nation-states, while globalization
encompasses processes and systems related to “global social
relations”-or interaction and/or transnational entities.
IDEOLOGIES ON/AGAINST
GLOBALIZATION
“Six Core Claims”
1. Globalization is about the liberalization and global
integration of markets
2. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible
3. Nobody is in charge of globalization
4. Globalization benefits everyone (… in the long run)
5. Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world
6. Globalization requires war on terror
• Capitalism- “profit motive”
• Neoliberalism- characterized by free market trade,
deregulation, privatization, individualization
•Pro-globalization
•Anti-globalization
•Alter-globalization
• Pro-globalization- more investment, reduce price of
commodities
• Anti-globalization- end of globalization. Imbalance
system that favors 1st world to 3rd world, corporations
over citizens and communities, and profit-seeking over
environmental sustainability.
• Alter-globalization- changing the current system of to
make it more humane, pro-environment, and more
grassroots-driven.
POSITIVE ASPECTS

• Multiculturalism and multilingualism

• Free trade
• Cultural and educational exchanges
• Migration
• Global cooperation
NEGATIVE ASPECTS

• Linguistic hegemony
• Cultural homogenization
• Third world dependence on the first world
• Global income and wealth inequality
• Tax injustices
• Racism and anti-migrants
IMAGINE THE WORLD WITHOUT GLOBALIZATION

IMAGINE A BORDERLESS WORLD