JAWAHIR AL RIYADH INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

GRADE : VIII
SUBJECT : CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER # 15 ( ENERGY CHANGES )
TEACHER : Sajjad Tariq
 CHAPTER #15(ENERGY CHANGES)

Fuel: “A substance that is burnt to get energy is called fuel.”

Fuel stores chemical energy in it. e.g coal, petrol, wood ,

paper , Uranium-235 etc.
 Fossils: The dead remaining of plants and animals are called
fossils.
Fossil Fuels: Coal , Petroleum and Natural gas are called
fossil fuels because they are formed fro fossils.

1) Coal
2) Petroleum
3) Natural gas

Gas used to burn fuel: Oxygen gas ( O2)

 Fuel that does not need oxygen to produce energy :
Uranium-235

U-235 does not need oxygen to produce energy because it is

radioactive element.

Fire: Fuel , heat and oxygen are needed to make fire.

Combustion: Burning of a fuel in the presence of oxygen is called
combustion.
Complete combustion: “ Combustion that occurs in the presence
of excess of oxygen is called complete combustion.”

e.g CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O

As a result of complete combustion , carbon dioxide , water and energy are produced.

Incomplete combustion: “ Combustion that takes place in

limited(less) supply of excess of oxygen is called incomplete
combustion.” As a result of incomplete combustion , carbon
monoxide , water and energy are produced.

e.g CH4 + O2 CO + H2O

As a result of incomplete combustion , carbon monoxide , water and energy are produced.
Exothermic Reactions: Endothermic Reaction:
“The reaction in which energy is “The reaction in which energy is
given out.” Absorbed.”
Heat is absorbed

H is positive
 units used to measure energy.
• Joule (J) or kilo joule ( KJ)
•Calories or kilo calories
Note: 1 Calorie = 4.2 joules

units used to measure energy:

Energy content of food are measured in calories per 100 g .

The instrument that is used to calculate the energy content
of fuel.
Calorimeter
 Energy = (mass of water) x (specific heat capacity of water) x ( rise in temperature )

Q. 0.2g of fuel raised the temperature of 100g

of water by 25 degree Celsius . How much
energy does the fuel give over per gram?
Ans. Given data
Mass of water = 100g
Rise in temperature = 25 C
Mass of fuel = 0.2g
Energy of fuel per gram=?
Calculation
Energy = (mass of water) x (specific heat capacity of water) x ( rise in temperature)
Energy=(100) x ( 4.2) x (25)
Energy= 10500 J
Energy of fuel per gram = energy released = 10500
Mass of fuel 0.2
= 52500 J/g
= 52.5 kJ/g Ans.
 SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE

A B C D
i) ------------------ is a fossil fuel. `
`
A) coal `
`
B) oxygen `
`
C) U-235
D) hydrogen

ii) Energy content of food is measured in ------------------. A B C D

`
A) second `
`
B) meter `
`
C) calories `

D) pascal (Pa)

iii) ------------------ does not need oxygen to produce energy. A B C D

A) coal `
`
B) natural gas `
`
C) petrol `
`
D) U-235
 A B C D
`
iv) complete combustion produces ----------------gas. `
`
A) CO `
`
B) CO2 `

C) H2
D) O2

A B C D
v) ------------------ is not a fossil fuel. `
`
A) coal `
`
B) U-235 `
`
C) petrol
D) natural gas

vi) Energy content of food is measured by ------------------ instrument. A B C D

A) thermometer `
`
B) meter `
`
C) calorimeter `
`
D) barometer
 Q.1. What is fuel?

Q.2. What are fossil fuels?

Q.3. Name the fossil fuels.

Q.4. Name the element which is needed to burn the fuels.

Q.5. Name the fuel that does not need oxygen to produce
energy.
Q.6. Why U-235 does not need oxygen to produce energy?

Q.7. Write the things that are needed to make fire.

 Q.8. What is the difference between complete combustion
and incomplete combustion? Explain with the help of
examples.

Q.9. Write the units that are

used to measure energy.

Q.10. Write the units to measure the energy content of

foods.
Q.11. Name the instrument that is used to calculate the
energy content of fuel.

Q.12. Write an equation that is used to calculate the energy

transferred from fuel to water in calorimeter.