Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Concept of Losses and Loss Reduction Measures
Concept of Losses and Loss Reduction Measures
Reduction Measures
Concept of Losses
• Yardsticks for performance measurement of
Distribution Utility:
%
Loss Components
AT&C Loss
Technical Nontechnical
Network Lack of
Internal External
Configuration Maintenance
Collection &
Connection Meter Field
Billing Credit
Management Reading Vigilance
Management
Impact of Loss Component
Technical
Process Process Related People Related
Non-Standardized Poor Workmanship
network planning (Long
Feeder length,
Network Unbalancing, Overloading)
Configuration Poor Equipment Quality Deviating from standard norms to
accommodate specific request
DT Transformation Loss
HT/LT Lie Loss
Equipment overheating
Lack of Leakage of electricity Improper maintenance planning
Maintenance through faulty
instruments
Impact of Loss Component
Non Technical - Internal
Process Process Related People Related
Connection Meter not installed Incorrect billing record
Management Ghost Consumers Improper data updation
Meter inaccessibility Wrong meter Reading
Section 135:
• Deals with cases of
– Direct theft by illegal connection from overhead or underground line/
cables.
– Tamper meter
– Damage apparatus to interfere accurate metering
– Purpose other than for which electricity is authorized
• FIR can be lodged with this section.
• Case filed in special court for non recovery of penal amount
Electricity Act and Norms
Section 126:
• Deals with unauthorized use of electricity as :
– Purpose other than for which electricity is authorized
– Premises other than for which electricity is authorized
– Through a tamper meter
• Assessment officer issue final bill hearing of consumer
• Due date of 15 days provided to consumer for submission of
assessment bill.
• Supply get disconnected if not paid after 15 days.
• Consumer may appeal to appellate authority if not satisfied
after submitting 50% of assessed amount.
Electricity Act and Norms
UP Electricity Supply Code 2005
• Clause 6.8: Procedure for inspection, provisional
assessment, hearing and final assessment in case of
unauthorized use of electricity u/s 126 of the act.
• Clause 8.1: Procedure for inspection, provisional
assessment, hearing and final assessment in case of
theft of electricity u/s 135 of the act.
• Annexure 6.3: Assessment of cases u/s 126 and u/s
135 of Act
Assessment of Theft & UUE
• Unit assessed = L * F * D * H
L = Connected Load (KW/KVA)
F = Connected Load Factor
D = Period of Theft / UUE (Days)
H = Actual Supply Hours/ Day
• The unit assessed shall be charged at 2 times the rate per unit
of the applicable tariff category.
• The amount paid by the consumer for energy consumption in
assessment period shall be adjusted.
Assessment of Theft & UUE
F = Connected load Factor for different type of supply is given
below:
a. For domestic consumers = 0.3
b. For non domestic consumers = 0.5
c. For small & medium power consumers = 0.5
d. For large & heavy power consumers = 0.75
e. Agriculture = 0.3
f. Category not covered above = 0.5
Only for direct theft F = 1.0
Direct theft means supply is connected directly and no meter is
installed.
Assessment of Theft & UUE
• D = Period during which such UUE / Theft has been
taken place.
• If this period is not ascertained shall be limited to 365 days.
• Period may be ascertain from
– Tamper event date
– Meter change date
– Any other evidence acquired from site.
Assessment of Theft & UUE
• H = Actual nos of hour supply per day to the
concerned feeder Or average nos of hours if actual
data is not available.
• Average nos of hours for different categories:
– Single shift industry & agriculture : 10 Hrs
– Non domestic : 20 Hrs
– Continuous process industry : 24 Hrs
– Domestic : 8 Hrs
– Temporary Connection : 12 Hrs
Types of LCC Case
• There are two types of cases register by LCC
• Direct Theft:
– Direct tapping from overhead or underground lines / cables.
– Tampering service cable
• Unauthorized Abstraction of Energy (UAE)
– Meter bypass
– Meter tampered
– Shunt in meter terminal
• Unauthorized Use of Electricity (UUE):
– Purpose of supply is different form authorized.
– Extension of supply to premises / areas other than authorized.
– Tampered meter (incriminating evidence not available)
Types of Electricity Theft
Modus operandi of Electricity Theft
• Direct Theft
– Illegal tapping from overhead line.
– Illegal tapping from underground line.
ModusTypes of Electricity
operandi Theft
of Electricity Theft
• Bypassing of meter
– Taping from Service cable
– Shunt wire in meter terminal
• Tampering of meter
– Internal Tempering
– External tampering
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Types
Modus of Electricity
operandi of ElectricityTheft
Theft
Internal Tampering
• Voltage circuit tampered
– Potential Coil Open
– Injection of DC voltage
– Injecting reverse AC voltage
– Neutral Cut
• Current circuit tampered
– CT open by Using remote
– Phase neutral interchange
– CT wire cut
– Load main Interchange
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Types
Modus of Electricity
operandi of ElectricityTheft
Theft
External tampering
• External Tamper in electronics meter
– Meter stop by putting magnet on meter
– Burning the meter
– Figure reverse by ESD
• External Tamper in Ferrari meter
– Hole in meter body
– Glass refix
– Out of fixing
25 25
Burnt Meter
Clause 5.8 of supply code 2005:
In case of meter burnt:
– Supply should be restored immediately
– Meter will be replaced within 3 days
– Excess load should be regularized within 30 days notice (clause 6.9)
• If possible meter shall be tested and if not possible to test
consumer shall be billed as per normal assessment (Clause
5.7d & 5.7f)
Burnt Meter
Clause 5.9b (ii) of supply code 2005:
Burnt Meter
Device Meter Meter reading Unit Demand
reading date recorded (Kwh) (KVA)
Cover Open
Consumption Monitoring
Cover Open
Preventive Vigilance