QA/QC Department

I. Training Objectives
II. Terms and Definition
III. Codes & Standards/Specifications
IV. Equipment /Materials
V. Procedures
VI. Documents and Records

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 Provide knowledge on method and good
practice in conducting Post Weld Heat Treatment
for both Quality Control Inspections and FOG Direct
Supervision.
. Be able to know the application of PWHT.

Be familiar with the term “PWHT”

Be able to know the documentation and records

required after application of PWHT.

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Is used to avert or relieve the detrimental effects of
high temperature and severe temperature gradients
inherent in welding, and to relieve residual stresses
created by bending and forming.

Is used, along with heat treatment, to minimize the

detrimental effects of high temperature and severe
thermal gradients inherent in welding.

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Heating an assembly in a furnace.

Welds that can be locally PWHT by heating a

circumferential band around the entire component
with the weld located in the center of the band.

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ASME Section I Latest Edition/Addenda, Paragraph
PW-38 and PW-39
ASME B31.1 Latest Edition/Addenda, Paragraph
131 and 132
ASME B31.3 Latest Edition/Addenda, Paragraph
330 and 331
ASME Section VIII Latest Edition/Addenda, Paragraph
UHT-40, UW-49 and UW-56

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Flexible Ceramic
Pad Heaters - Is a pad heater constructed of
interlocking sintered alumina ceramic
beads which insulate stranded nickel-
chrome wire.
Thermocouple
Wire - Type K (nickel-chromium) may be used
continuously in inert or oxidizing atmosphere
at temperatures up to 649 ⁰C (1,200 ⁰F) for
.001” diameter bare wire, and up to 982 ⁰C
(1,800 ⁰F) for .032” diameter bare couples.

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Compensating
Cable (Type K) - Are indispensable for precise
temperature measurement at remote
measurement points, they serve as
extension leads from the thermo-
couple sensor to the measuring
equipment.
Thermocouple Putty - Protects thermocouple junction
from radiant heat.
Ceramic Fiber
Insulation Blankets - Withstand extreme temperature
and demonstrates an excellent
ability to resist chemical attack.
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Temperature Indicating
Crayons - Are used like crayons to create mark that
melts to show when required welding,
preheating and post weld heat treatment
temperatures are reached.

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Power Source - The heat treatment center provides
compressive temperature control and
recording for any heat treatment
operation.
Programmer - Used to provide automatic temperature
process control.
Recorder - PWHT temperature shall be progressively
recorded using a multipoint potentiometric
type strip chart recorder with built in
thermocouple reference junction
compensation circuit. Chart speed can be
selected either on 25 mm/hr or 50 mm/hr.
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Surface Pyrometer - A device used to determine an
object’s surface temperature.

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Step 1 - Weld Joint shall be cleared from VT and NDT
Step 2 - Weld Joint shall be properly supported to
prevent sagging and distortion
Step 3 - On prepared surface Attach thermocouple
wire using Thermocouple Attachment Unit
and apply putty
Step 4 - Install heating elements observing 5√R. t,
where R is the pipe radius and t is the
nominal pipe thickness. In any case, a
minimum width of 100 mm shall apply.

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Step 5 - Insulation blankets shall be used on covering
heating pads extending 300 mm on either side
of the weld
Step 6 - Cables shall now be connected to the power
source
Step 7 - Temperature shall now be set and adjusted on
the programmable controller in accordance
with the WPS
Step 8 - Heating shall now commence after settings
are achieved
Step 9 - Heating and cooling rates below 300 ⁰C shall
not exceed 200⁰C/hr. For wall thickness above
25 mm, heating rates shall not exceed 55⁰C/hr.

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Step 10 - Soaking period shall be minimum of 1 hr/in.
of nominal wall thickness of the pipe but in
no case be less than one (1) hour for
thickness lesser than 25 mm.
Step 11 - Below 300 ⁰C, the heating system may be
turned off and the weld is allowed to cool
under insulation down to 150⁰C and the
insulation may be removed.
Step 12 - Upon removal of heating elements, attached
thermocouple wire shall be removed and
surface shall be smoothened by flat file.

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Step 13 - Magnetic Particle Examination (MPE) as aid
for visual inspection shall be applied on the
smoothened surface.

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Before
Ensure visual inspection has been conducted and
required NDT has been applied on the joint
In-process inspection involves material specification
based on isometric drawing and line classes
Material thickness
Conformance to Welding Procedure Specification
Check if attached Thermocouple wire is on center
of weld [for diameters lower than 250 mm (10 in.)]
Check if two (2) attached Thermocouple wire are
38 mm (1.5 in.) away from the center of the weld
[for diameters above than 250 mm (10 in.)] and
putty is applied.
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 Heated bandwidth shall not be less than 5√Rt,
where R is the pipe radius and t is the nominal
pipe wall thickness.
During
In-process inspection shall be conducted on
recorder by initialing on the recorder paper.
Check soaking period

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After
Conduct visual inspection on areas where
thermocouple wires were removed.
Endorse for applicable NDT if required.
Review reports and sign concurrence.

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Reference Code(s)
Types and Methods used
Specify Line Number/Isometric
Type of Materials and Form
Equipment Type and Calibration Records
Corresponding joint numbers
Actual PWHT chart
Personnel Qualification

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QUALITY IS A LINE FUNCTION DO IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME
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RT LIMITATION/PROOF THAT
NDT WAS CONDUCTED

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 SUPPORTS WERE PROVIDED

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AREA WHERE THERMOCOUPLE IS
GOING TO BE ATTACHED

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 ATTACHMENT OF THERMOCOUPLE
WIRE USING THERMOCOUPLE
ATTACHMENT UNIT

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 THERMOCOUPLE WIRE ATTACHED

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MINIMUM WIDTH
IS 200 mm (8 in.)

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25 m THICK INSULATION
EXTENDING 300 mm ON
EITHER SIDE OF THE WELD

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CABLES SHALL NOW BE
CONNECTED TO POWER
UNIT

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QC ENGINEER INITIAL ON
GRAPH

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