Global Stiffness Matrix for Truss

Transformation Matrix for Displacement

d N  DN X cos  X  DNY cos Y

d F  DFX cos  X  DFY cos Y
 d N  DN X cos  X  DNY cos Y

d F  DFX cos  X  DFY cos Y

 DN X 
 
 d N  X Y 0 0   DNY 
d    0 X  
Y  DFX 
 F  0
 
 DF 
 Y
d  TD
Transformation Matrix for Forces

QN X  qN cos  X

QNY  qN cos Y
QFX  qF cos  X

QFY  qF cos Y
QN X  qN cos  X QFX  qF cos  X
QNY  qN cos Y QFY  qF cos Y
QN X   0 
   X

 QNY   Y 0   qN 
Q  0  
 X   qF 
 FX   
 QF   0 Y 
 Y 

Q T q T
q  kd Q T q T

q  kTD Q  T kTDT

K  T kT T

X 0
 
0  AE  1 1 X Y 0 0
K  Y    
0 X  L  1 1   0 0 X Y 
 
0 Y 
   2
X X Y 2
X X Y 
 2 
   Y2
X Y Y 
K X Y
 Y2 X Y  2
X Y 
 
X

 X Y Y X Y Y 
2 2
Beam
For beam the global stiffness matrix is shown
below
• There are two kind of load on the beam – nodal
load and member load.
• For nodal load, force matrix is very simple. We
simply have to put the values of all load at their
particular DOF.
• For member load, we have to transfer the load
from member to the joints. For transferring
these loads we have to keep in mind that the
displacement caused by member load must be
equal to the displacement caused by nodal load.
• For doing this we have to use principle of
superposition.
• For using the principle of superposition we have
to first stop all the displacement by putting
fixed end at all support. It will create support
reaction at the fixed end.
• In my secondary structure we have to apply
same amount of support reactions in reverse
direction at the unknown displacement to get
the exact displacement caused by external
loading.
• In secondary structure assume all the forces on
known displacement as unknown and find
there values by solving the stiffness method.