Deviant

Behavior
 What is Deviant
Behavior?
• It refers to the instances of variations, disregard for,
defiance of, nonconformity or flaunting of social
norms.
• Straying or deviating from an accepted social
norm.
 Deviant is relative
• What is deviant for one group ma be acceptable
to another group.
• What is deviant may vary in time and place.
• Rules can also be broken without disapproval when
the deviance an be justified by pointing to a higher
cause.
 Explanations for Deviant
Behavior
(Theories of Deviant Behavior)
• Social Pathology
• Biological Theory
• Psychological Theory
• Social Disorganization Theory
• Labeling Theory
• Anomie Theory or Structural Stress Theory
• Conflict Theory
• Differential Association Theory
 Social Pathology
• Explains that deviant behavior is caused by actual
physical and mental illness, malfunctions or
deformities.
• Social pathology includes: substance abuse,
violence, abuses of women and children, crime,
terrorism, corruption, criminality, discrimination,
isolation, stigmatization and human rights violations
• Solutions: Education, hospitalization, rehabilitation,
imprisonment, capital punishment
 Biological Theory
• Deviant behavior stems from one’s physical or
biological makeup.
• Cesare Lombroso- an Italian criminologist and
doctor held that some people are born criminals
and have abnormalityy:
o Large jaws
o High cheekbones
o Good eyesight
o Insensibility to pain
• Lombroso studied the skulls and bodies of many
prisoners
• There are animalistic physical patterns found in
criminals, savages and apes
• Charles Goring- a British physician, who found no
differences between criminals and ordinary citizens
• Herman Witkin- found that prisoners with an XYY
chromosomes (XYY syndrome) might predispose
themselves to deviance.
• Solutions: Education, hospitalization, rehabilitation,
imprisonment, capital punishment, and behavior
modification.
 Psychological Theory
• Deviant behavior is a result of personality disorder or
maladjustment that develops during childhood,
brought about by inner conflicts or by the inability
to control one’s inner impulses or failure to structure
one’s behavior in an orderly way.
• Solutions: Psychiatry, psychological counseling,
hospitalization, and rehabilitation
 Social Disorganization
Theory
• Deviant behavior is caused by the breakdown of
norms, laws, mores, and other important values of
society
• Solutions: modification or rehabilitation in the part of
the system which suffers from disorganization
 Labeling theory
• Society’s labeling on behaviors as deviant causes
deviant behavior.
• Behaviors which transgress the social norms and
values are labeled or socially defined deviant; they
are in turn sanctioned by ostracism or punishment.
• Deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead
focuses on the tendency of the majorities to
negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant
from standard cultural norms.
 Anomie theory
• Deviance exists when people are denied access to
accepted means to reach approved goals.
• Durkheim – introduced the concept of “anomie” as
a condition within society in which individuals find
that the prevailing social norms are ill-defined,
weak, or conflicting. For example, many people
expect to have a job, but the economy may not
provide enough jobs for everybody. Thus, a jobless
job – seeker may resort to illegitimate or illegal
means to achieve his goals.
• Solutions: Giving access to approved goals; equal
opportunity for all.
 Conflict Theory
• Deviant behavior is caused by an unjust social
structure where unequal distribution of wealth and
power exists.
• Solutions: The moderates propose more reforms
in the various social institutions; the radicals
advocate a sweeping transformation or a
revolutionary approach, an overhaul of the existing
unjust social structure in order to bring about a
more or less equal distribution of wealth, power,
and prestige in the new social order
 Cultural Transmission
• It is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland
proposing that through interaction with others,
individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques,
and motives for criminal behavior.
• This theory focuses on how individuals learn to
become criminals, but does not concern itself with
why they
Types of Deviant Behavior
• Innovators
• Ritualists
• Retreatists
• Rebels
 Innovators
• are those who accept culturally approved goals
but disregard the institutional means to achieve
them.
Examples: government officials and low-wage
earners who
commit graft and corruption to achieve a higher
standard of
living
 Ritualists
• Retreatists reject cultural goals
as well as the institutionalized means of
achieving them. They are not interested in
making money or advancing in a particular
career, and they tend not to care about hard
work or about getting
 Retreatists
• are those who abandon both the cultural
goals and the prescribed means to achieve them.
Examples: drug addicts, hippies, alcoholics.
 Rebels
• are those reject both the societal goals and
prescribed means to achieved them but try set up
new
norms or goals.
Examples: rebel soldiers; New People’s Army
 Drug Abuse
• Drug- It refers to any substance that brings about
physical, emotional, or behavioral changes in the
person taking it.
• Drug addiction- It is a state of physical or
psychological need of a drug which stems from its
continued use.
• Physically dependence- manifested in withdrawal
symptoms (vomiting & muscular tremors)
• Psychological dependence- drug becomes
necessary for the person’s well being.
 Most Commonly abused
drugs in the Philippines
• Sedatives
• Stimulants
• Hallucinogens
• Narcotics
 Sedatives
• They tend to exert calming effects on the nervous
system; they reduce anxiety and excitement.
• An overdose may so depress the brain’s respiratory
control as to lead to the cessation of breathing and
eventual death.
• Examples: Barbiturates, tranquilizers, and alcohol
 Stimulants
• Sometimes called pep pills, which increases
alertness and physical disposition.
• They hide fatigue and create exhilaration and state
of euphoria.
• Excessive may lead to insomnia, exhaustion and
deep depression.
• Examples: amphetamines, cocaine, and caffeine.
 Hallucinogens
• Affects sensation, thinking, self-awareness, and
emotion.
• Taking them leads to changes in perception of time
and space, delusions, or false beliefs.
• Examples: LSD, mescaline, and marijuana
 Narcotics
• Relieve pain, make one drowsy and relaxed and
induce sleep.
• Continuous use leads to physiological and
psychological dependence, which makes addition
serious problem both for the person concerned and
for society.
 Crime
• It is a violation of a norm which is codified into a law
and baked by the power and authority of the State.
• Crime injures both the victim and the society.
• Fines, imprisonment, or death
• It is an act committed or committed in violation of a
law forbidding or commanding it and for which
punishment is imposed upon conviction.
 Crime and its Etiology
• Family
• School
• Peer group
• Community
• Mass media
 Family
• Family exerts great impact on the behavior, values,
and attitudes of its members.
• Traumatic experiences resulting from this set up may
push the child into social deviance such as criminal
behavior or drug abuse.
 School
• School plays a crucial role in integrated
development, social maturation, and the
preparation of the juvenile to become a well-
adjusted, law abiding and productive member of
society.
• Failure of the schools to meet young people’s
psychological, social, and emotional needs and to
adjust the changing social milieu may lead to
unrest, discontent, and disruptive activities.
 Peer group
• Truancy, vagrancy,
and gang
membership
• Vandalism, street
fighting, violent
acts, collective
aggression, sex-
related offenses,
and organized
criminality
 Community
• Disorganizing forces in the community may
enhance deviant behavior like juvenile deliquency.
 Mass Media
• Television, radio, internet, etc.
 Sensational Crimes in the
Philippines
• Violation of the comprehensive dangerous drugs
act of 2002
• Physical injury
• Rape
• Theft
• Murder
• Robbery
• Carnapping
 Murder
• Any person who, not falling within the provisions of
Article 246, shall kill another, shall be guilty of murder
if committed with any of the following attendant
circumstances:
* With treachery, taking of advantage of
superior strength, with the aid of armed men or
employing means to weaken the defense, or of
means or persons to insure impunity
* In consideration of a price, reward, or promise
* By means of fire, poison, explosion, shipwreck,
stranding of a vessel, derailment or assault upon a
railroad, fall of an airship, by means of motor vehicle,
• On occasion of any calamities
• Evident Premeditation
 Homicide
• Any person who, not falling within the provisions of
Art. 246, shall kill another without the qualifying
circumstances enumerated in the next preceding
article, shall be deemed guilty of homicide
 The Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act
Dangerous Drugs:
a. Cannabis or Marijuana (Indian Hemp)
b. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
c. Methamphetemine Hydrohloride (Shabu)