TOOLS OF GEOMETRY

1.2 POINTS, LINES AND

PLANES
TOOLS OF GEOMETRY
1.2 POINTS, LINES AND
PLANES
POINTS
 A point in geometry is
a location. It has no
size i.e. no width, no
length and no depth.
A point is shown by a
dot.
 It is represented by
capital letter
LINES
 A line has no
beginning point or
end point.

 We can illustrate that

by little arrows on
both ends.
LINES
 We can name a
line using two
points on it.

 Or, we can name

a line using a
lowercase letter.
COLLINEAR POINTS
 Collinear
Points: two
points that lie
on the same
line..
PLANES
 A plane is a flat
surface having two
dimensions extending
indefinitely.
 It has a length and a
width.
PLANES
 An example of a
plane is a coordinate
plane.
 A plane is named by
three points in the
plane that are not on
the same line.
PARALLEL LINES
 We can name a ray using
its starting point and one
other point that is on the
ray: this is ray EF or EF
(note the one arrowhead).
 Or, we can name a ray
using a lowercase letter:
this is ray r.
SPACE
 A space extends
infinitely in all
directions and is
a set of all points
in three
dimensions.
SPACE
 You can think of
a space as the
inside of a box.
 The region in
which objects
exist.
SPACE
 You can think of
a space as the
inside of a box.
 The region in
which objects
exist.
POSTULATE/AXIOMS
 Basic rule of geometry. An accepted
statement of fact.
 an assumption that needs no
explanation.
Theorem – a statement that can be proven
true using other postulates and other
proven theorems.
 1.3 SEGMENTS, RAYS,
PARALLEL LINES AND PLANES
SEGMENTS
 A segment is a
part of a line
having two
endpoints and
has a particular
length.
SEGMENTS
 It is commonly used
to represent the
length, height, or
width of a certain
object and the
distance between
two objects.
RAYS
 A part of a line
consisting of one end
point and all points
of the line extending
infinitely on the
opposite side of the
end point.
RAYS
 We can name a ray using
its starting point and one
other point that is on the
ray: this is ray EF or EF
(note the one arrowhead).
 Or, we can name a ray
using a lowercase letter:
this is ray r.
RAYS
 We can name a ray using
its starting point and one
other point that is on the
ray: this is ray EF or EF
(note the one arrowhead).
 Or, we can name a ray
using a lowercase letter:
this is ray r.
PARALLEL LINES
 We can name a ray using
its starting point and one
other point that is on the
ray: this is ray EF or EF
(note the one arrowhead).
 Or, we can name a ray
using a lowercase letter:
this is ray r.
SKEW LINES
PARALLEL PLANES
 Two planes that do not intersect
are said to be parallel.
 Parallel planes are found in
shapes like cubes, which actually
has three sets of parallel planes.
 The two planes on opposite sides
of a cube are parallel to one
another.
INTERSECTING PLANES
 If two planes are not parallel,
then they will intersect (cross
over) each other somewhere.
 Two planes always intersect at
a line, as shown on the figure.
 This is similar to the way two
lines intersect at a point..