6 ERAS THAT AFFECTED THE GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

1. Ancient Times
2. Roman-empire
3. Renaissance
4. Industrial Revolution
5. Post-World War 1 & 2
6. Modern Times
NOTE:
Throughout history, the growth of tourism has relied upon
the development of transportation systems to encourage
traveling to new destinations
 “TRAVEL” AND “TOURISM”

“Travel” comes from the word “travail” which, 800

years ago in Europe, meant - an instrument of torture
in prison

“We were travailed by the long journey,

on rough roads in bad weather”
 BRIEF HISTORY ON
TRAVELING
In pre historic times, people traveled to:
• Seek for food
• Escape from enemies
• Achieving territorial expansion

Those travels were more likely migrations of nomads

• Nomads: people or tribes who move from place to place in
search of food, water and gazing land for agriculture use

3
 1 ANCIENT TIMES
• When: the earliest forms of travel can be
traced back 5,000 years ago (3000 BC)
• Who: ancient Egyptians sailed up and
down the Nile River to construct pyramid
• Why: business purposes
• What: The word travel is related to the
French word travail, which means “work”
Leisure travel
• When: started at 1500 BC when Egyptians
began travelling to visit pyramid (proof:
Names so Greek tourist were found at Thebes from
5th century BC)
• Why: religion purposes
 ANCIENT TIMES
• During the Mesopotamian Civilization, people travel for trade
and military purposes
• Egyptians traveled for trade, to forge alliances, to attend to
religious festivals or to invade Nubia (Northern Sudan &
Southern Egypt)
• 776 BC Olympic games marks the first time people travel for
sport.
• Roman Empire created a transport network that ran up to
England. Thus, very safe travel route

5
Earliest Mode of Transportation
The first domesticated horses appeared
around 6000 to 5000 years ago
The first hard evidence of mounted riders
dates to about 1350 B.C.
Around 1000 BC, world change dramatically
• Most forms of transport (chariot) Horse riding

developed for military purposes (1.3)

• Later, the use of horse-drawn wagons
(stagecoach) became more popular
Chariot Stagecoach

Horse drawn wagon

First Transportation Invention of ‘The Wheel’ –
The first wheels were made from three solid pieces of wood
fitted together in the shape of a circle. About 3000 BC, when the
Mesopotamians invented the chariot, a two-wheeled cart
pulled by a horse
 2 ROMAN EMPIRE
• Where: Rome
• When: 3rd century BC (ended in 1453 with
the death of Constantine XI and the fall of
Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks)
• Why: Military/Conquer new lands (2.1)
• Took 4 centuries before reaching its
greatest territorial extent, largest in
history, and the only empire to have
encompassed territories in northern
Europe, Middle East, and North Africa
• Ran as an "empire" while still governed as
a republic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire The Augustus of Prima Porta
the first emperor
(27 BC – 14 AD)
The first signs of cross-border International travel

Reasons: No borders Safe Sea

• No foreign borders
between England and Syria
• Sea safe from piracy due to
Roman patrols
• Roman coinage was Roman Coinage Latin Language
accepted everywhere
• Latin was the common
language
 The Roman Empire
Domestic tourism flourished
The wealthy built 2nd homes within close distance from Rome –
for springtime
Fashionable resorts found around the
Bay of Naples
• Naples: Attracted the retired & intellectuals
• Cumae : A resort of high fashion
• Baiae : Attracted lower market tourist
: A spa town & seaside resort
: Famous for its rowdiness, drunkenness & all night singing
3 RENAISSANCE – THE 17TH–18TH
CENTURY (TRAVEL IN THE MIDDLE AGES)
• When: After the collapse of the
Roman Empire (Dark Ages)
• Why: for business travel &
obligation/duty
• Most pleasure travel (during
holiday) was undertaken close
to home (as travel become
more dangerous, difficult and
less attractive without Roman
Empire’s control)
 Pilgrimage Travel
Pilgrimage travel and destinations deriving from the past:

• Hindu pilgrimage, to Kumbh, Haridvar etc

• Buddhist pilgrimage, to many sites in India etc
• Christian pilgrimage, to Rome, Jerusalem etc
• Muslim (Islamic) pilgrimage, to Mecca, Medina etc.
 Main Means of
Transport
• By foot (many who were poor could not
afford any forms of transport)

• On horseback or use of animals such as

camels, donkeys, mules

• On a litter carried by servant (only for

the aristocrats)

13
 RENAISSANCE …
SIGNS OF HOSPITALITY
Some early inns (accommodation) were names and identified
by easily recognized symbols which later replaced with coats
of arms to signify the territories of noble families.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7 http://cache.virtualtourist.com/4/2513049-
/78/Australian_Coat_of_Arms.png Coat_of_arms_Broadway.jpg
SIGNS OF HOSPITALITY - THE PINEAPPLE SYMBOLS
• Pineapples were discovered in 1493, when
Christopher Columbus on his second voyage to the
Caribbean region (West Indies)
• A colonial sea captain, returning from travels will
display a pineapple sign at his door to give notice to
friends that he had returned and was welcoming
guests
• The pineapple has enjoyed a rich and romantic
heritage as a symbol of welcome, friendship, and
hospitality
For more information,
please refer to • In 17th century, pineapple became the favorite fruit
http://www.levins.com/pin of royalty family
eapple.html
• Today pineapple is international symbol of
hospitality
SIGNS OF HOSPITALITY – THE BEGINNING OF RESTAURANTS

The word ‘restaurant’ comes

from the Latin word
‘restaurare’
which means “to restore.”

The first fixed-price menus for food appeared in a

type of ‘tavern’ called an ‘ordinary’.