ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
{ MACHINE ELEMENTS }
OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS.
THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL
TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES.
AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES.
THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW.
FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP )
TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP )
SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP )
FIRST STUDY THE CONCEPT OF 1 ST AND 3 RD ANGLE
PROJECTION METHODS
AND THEN STUDY NEXT 26 ILLUSTRATED CASES CAREFULL
TRY TO RECOGNIZE SURFACES
PERPENDICULAR TO THE ARROW DIRECTIONS
FIRST ANGLE
PROJECTION
FOR T.V.
IN THIS METHOD,
THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT
MEANS
ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.
OBJECT IS INBETWEEN
OBSERVER & PLANE.
PP
VP
FV
LSV
X
TV
HP
ACTUAL PATTERN OF
PLANES & VIEWS
IN
FIRST ANGLE METHOD
OF PROJECTIONS
R
FO
.
V
.
S
FO
R
F.V
.
FOR T.V.
THIRD ANGLE
PROJECTION
IN THIS METHOD,
THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT
( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )
PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT
AND INBETWEEN
OBSERVER & OBJECT.
TV
Y
LSV
FV
ACTUAL PATTERN OF
PLANES & VIEWS
OF
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS
R
O
F
.
S. V
FO
R
F.V
.
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FO
R
FO
.
S.V
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW
F.V
.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
TOP VIEW
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
R
O
F
.
S.V
FO
R
F.V
.
TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
L.H.SIDE VIEW
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
R
FO
.
S.V
FO
R
F.V
.
TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
L.H.SIDE VIEW
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
R
FO
.
S.V
FO
R
F.V
.
TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
L.H.SIDE VIEW
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
R
O
F
FRONT VIEW
.
S.V
FO
R
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
F.V
.
L.H.SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
6
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
R
O
F
.
S.V
FO
R
F.V
.
TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
L.H.SIDE VIEW
7
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
FO
R
R
O
F
.
S.V
L.H.SIDE VIEW
F.V
.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
TOP VIEW
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
50
20
FO
R
25
F.V
.
25
20
TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
9
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
R
FO
.
S.V
FO
R
F.V
.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
L.H.SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FOR T.V.
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW
.V.
S
R
FO
R
FO
.
F.V
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
10
TOP VIEW
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
FO
R
R
O
F
F.V X
.
L.H.SIDE VIEW
.
S.V
TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
11
12
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
R
FO
.
S.V
FO
R
F.V
.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
L.H.SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
13
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
35
FV
35
10
20
10
FO
R
F.V
.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
40
70
TV
30
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
R
FO
14
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FV
30
10
30
SV
30
10
30
.
S.V
FO
R
F.V
.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
TV
ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL
OR
15
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FOR T.V.
ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL
FV
SV
10
.
S.V
FO
R
F.V
.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
40
40
60
60
TV
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
16
ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL
FV
SV
x
10
R
O
F
.
S. V
FO
R
F.V
.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
40
40
60
60
TOP VIEW
17
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
40
L.H.SIDE VIEW
30 SQUARE
20
50
R
FO
FO
R
.
S.V
F.V X
.
20
10
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
Y
30
F.V.
60
S.V.
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
18
FV
40
10
45
30 D
FO
R
F.V
.
10
50
80
TV
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
19
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
40
FV
10
100
10
FO
R
25
TV
10
30 R
20 D
30
10
25
F.V
.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
30
FOR T.V.
FV
RECT.
SLOT
10
50
35
10
20 D
FO
R
F.V
.
TV
60 D
30 D
TOP VIEW
20
21
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
10
25
15
25
40
10
25
R
FO
FO
R
.
S.V
F.V
.
O
25
80
F.V.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
25
S.V.
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
450
30
FV
40
FO
R
Y
30 D
F.V
.
TV
40
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
40
15
22
23
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FO
R
HEX PART
F.V
.
30
20
20
R
FO
.
S.V
40
20
50
20
15
30
60
100
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV ABD SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
24
40
20
FRONT VIEW
F.V.
30
10
X
10
FO
R
30
F.V
.
10
30
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
80
T.V.
TOP VIEW
25
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
10
10
15
25
25
50
FV
LSV
10
R
O
F
.
S.V
FO
R
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV AND LSV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
F.V
.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN
DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT
BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
26
FO
R
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
F.V
.
30
10
20
20
15
10
R
O
F
.
S.V
15
O
30
15
15
Y
50
F.V.
LEFT S.V.
