Characteristics of virtualized

environment
Virtualization reference model
Guest Virtual Image Applications Applications

Virtual Hardware Virtual Storage Virtual Networking

Virtualization Layer
Software Emulation

Host Physical
Physical Storage Physical Networking
Hardware
• Increased security
• Managed Execution
A)Sharing
B) Aggregation
C)Emulation
D)Isolation
• Portability
Taxonomoy of Virtualized Environment
Virtualization
How it is done? Technique
Model

Emulation Application

Execution
Programming
Environme Process Level High-Level VM
Language
nt

Storage Operating
Virtualizati Multiprogramming
System
on
Network Hardware-assisted
Virtualization

Full Virtualization
System Level Hardware

…. Paravirtualization

Partial
Virtualization
 Execution virtualization
1)Machine reference model
Applications Applications

API calls
API

Libraries Libraries

User
System calls ISA
ABI
User
ISA

Operative System Operative System

ISA
ISA

Hardware Hardware
2 Hardware Level virtualization
Guest
In memory
representation

Virtual Image
Storage
VMM Host emulation

Virtual Machine

binary translation
instruction mapping
interpretation
……

Host
 3)Hardware Virtualization techniques
• Hardware assisted virtualization
• Full virtualization
• Para virtualization
• Partial virtualization
Hypervisors
4) OS level virtualization offers the opportunity to
create different and separated execution
environments for applications that are managed
concurrently. It is different from hardware
virtualization —there is no virtual machine
manager or hypervisor, and the virtualization is
done within a single operating system, where the
OS kernel allows for multiple isolated user space
instances.
5)Programming level virtualization is mostly
used for achieving ease of deployment of
applications, managed execution, and
portability across different platforms and
operating systems. It consists of a virtual
machine executing the byte code of a
program, which is the result of the
compilation process.
6)Application level virtualization
Interpretation
Binary Translation
 Virtualization and cloud
VM

VM VM VM VM VM

Virtual Machine Manager

Server A Server B
(running) (running)
Before Migration

VM VM VM

VM VM VM

Virtual Machine Manager

Server A Server B
(running) (inactive)

After Migration
 Advantage and disadvantage of
virtualization
• Advantages:
• Eliminates the need for numerous dedicated servers;
• Offers the ability for different domain names, file directories, email
administration, IP addresses, logs and analytics;
• Cost effective because many times server software installation
provisioning is available;
• If one virtual server has a software failure, the other servers will not
be affected;
• Reduces energy costs because only one device is running instead of
several;
• Offers a flexibe IT infrastructure;
• Can quickly make changes with little downtime.
 Disadvantages
• Resource hogging could occur if there are too many
virtual servers within a physical machine;
• As software updates and patches must be compatible
with everything running on the virtual machine, admin
may have reduced control over the physical
environment;
• Administration, including backup and recovery,
requires specialized knowledge;
• If user experience is impacted, it can be difficult to
identify the root cause;
• Services offered by a dedicated server are more
accessible.