• ERG Theory

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 Motivation - Alderfer's ERG theory

1 This theory posits that there are three

groups of core needs — existence,
relatedness, and growth, hence the label:
ERG theory

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 Content theory - ERG Theory

1 ERG Theory is similar to the famous

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
Existence, or physiological, needs are
at the base. These include the needs
for things such as food, drink, shelter,
and safety. Next come Relatedness
Needs, the need to feel connected to
other individuals or a group. These
needs are fulfilled by establishing and
maintaining relationships.
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 Work motivation - Maslow's hierarchy of needs

1 Building on Maslow's theory, Clayton

Alderfer (1959) collapsed the levels in
Maslow's theory from five to three:
existence, relatedness and growth. This
theory, called the ERG theory, does not
propose that employees attempt to
satisfy these needs in a strictly
hierarchical manner. Empirical support
for this theory has been mixed.
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 Work motivation - Need for achievement

1 The Need for Achievement is in many

ways similar to the need for mastery
and self-actualization in Maslow's
hierarchy of needs and growth in the
ERG theory. The achievement
orientation has garnered more
research interest as compared to the
need for affiliation or power.

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 ERG theory

1 'Clayton Paul Alderfer' (born September 1,

1940 in Sellersville, Pennsylvania) is an
United States|American psychologist who
further developed Maslow's hierarchy of
needs by categorizing the hierarchy into
his ERG theory (Existence, Relatedness
and Growth)

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 ERG theory

1 Alderfer also proposed a regression

theory to go along with the ERG
theory

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 Ernest Hemingway

1 His economical and Iceberg

Theory|understated style had a
strong influence on 20th century in
literature|20th-century fiction, while
his life of adventure and his public
image influenced later generations

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 Aspiration Management - Theories of motivation and aspiration actualization

1 There are many Motivation#Motivational

theories|theories of motivation which include,
Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,
Herzberg's two-factor theory. Alderfer's ERG
theory, Goal-setting theory,
Motivation#Models of behavior
change|Models of behavior change,
Organismic theory, theory X and theory Y.
These are some of the motivation theories
that has an influence on employee
aspirations actualization and work motivation.

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 The Sun Also Rises

1 Hemingway's sparse writing style,

combined with his restrained use of
description to convey
characterizations and action, became
known as demonstrating the Iceberg
Theory.

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 Ernst Gräfenberg - Career

1 He began working as a doctor of

ophthalmology at the university of
Würzburg, but then moved to the
Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology at the University of Kiel,
where he published papers on cancer
metastasis (the Gräfenberg theory), and
the physiology of egg implantation

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