MYLES REGINE O.

ESPINELI
MIHM
MOTIVATION

• In a work setting, it is the process by
which behaviour is mobilized and
sustained in the interest of achieving
organizational goals.

• Motivation is often considered an

answer to the question “WHY” an
action is performed.
 APPROACHES TO
UNDERSTANDING AND
ENHANCING
MOTIVATION

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy
of Need

A. Physiological Needs
Need for water, air, food, rest, and
sleep. 
B. Safety Needs
Security and freedom from
environmental threat.

C. Social and Love Needs

Belonging to a group, affiliating with
people, giving and receiving love.
D. Esteem Needs
Include self-respect based on genuine
 from others,
achievement, respect
prestige, recognition, and
appreciation.

E. Self-actualization Needs
Self fulfilment and personal
development.
 2. Herzberg’s Two-
Factor Theory

(By: Frederick Herzberg)

• MOTIVATORS OR SATISFIERS
Achievement, recognition,
advancement, responsibility, the work
itself, and personal growth
possibilities.
• HYGIENE FACTORS


Health maintaining, pay (money),
status, job security, working
conditions, and quality of leadership.
3. McClelland’s Achievement-
Power-Affiliation Triad

( By: David C. McClelland )

When a need is strong enough, it

prompts a person to engage in work
activities to satisfy it.
 4. Goal Theory

( By: Edwin A. Locke and Gary P.
Latham )

Specific and difficult goals result

in higher performance than
generalized goals. ( telling someone to
“do your best!” )
 
Goals must be accepted by
workers, and goals are more effective
when they are used to evaluate
performance and linked to feedback
and rewards.
5. Reinforcement Theory

The contention that behavior is
determined by its consequences. The
foundation of reinforcement theory is
operant conditioning, or learning that
takes place as a consequences of
behavior.
 FOUR BASIC STRATEGIES OF
REINFORCEMENT THEORY

A. Positive reinforcement

 The application of a pleasurable or

valued consequence when a person
exhibits the desired response.
B. Avoidance Motivation
 Rewarding by taking away an
uncomfortable consequence.

C. Extinction
 Weakening or decreasing the frequency
of undesirable behavior by removing the
reward for such behavior.

D. Punishment
 The presentation of an undesirable
consequence for a specific behavior.
6. Expectancy Theory

People will be well motivated if
they believe that strong effort will
lead to good performance and good
performance will lead to preferred
outcomes.
 7. Equity Theory and
Social Comparison

Employees compare their inputs
and outcomes with others in
workplace. When employees believe
that they receive equitable outcomes in
relation to their inputs, they are
generally satisfied and motivated.
 8. Social Learning
Theory

The process of observing the
behavior of others, recognizing its
consequences, and altering behavior as
a result.
 9. Intrinsic versus
Extrinsic motivation

Extrinsic motivation occurs when we
are motivated or engage in an activity in
order to earn a reward or avoid
punishment.

Intrinsic motivation involves

engaging in a behavior because it is
personally rewarding.