1b

WEEK Payment
Sales
Report
Customer Accts
Invoice C1 Management

Sales Order
Order Clerk
Picking List Invoice C2

Sales Order Form

Sales
Agent Delivery
Customer
Dispatch

WORKFLOW
MODELLING FOR
THE ENTERPRISE

BCO5501
BUSINESS PROCESS ENGINEERING

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Enterprise Analysis

The purpose of Enterprise Analysis is to:

• Understand the organizational context
• Define functional areas/management levels affected by the system
• Provide an overview of the business objects and processes

Modelling techniques are used to document findings.

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Modelling techniques include:

• Workflow diagrams
• Enterprise object models
• Organizational structure charts
• BPMN, EPC
• and others…

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Work Flow Diagrams

Workflow Diagrams model internal and external entities and flow of

data (typically in documents) between them
• Use only 3 symbols
• Only describes Actors, Workflows, and their interaction
• Simple rules
• Workflows between internal actors or between internal and external actors
• simple technique for identifying the high-level processes

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User-level WFD

• Models actors and workflows described by single user

• Presents a single user’s view point but includes more than one actor and
can model workflows across functional areas

• Models formal as well as informal flows of information

Customer Account
Invoice C1 Invoice C2 Clerk

Sales Order
Clerk Picking
List

Dispatcher
Sales Order Form
Sales
Agent

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A User Level WFD:
Internal Actor
The ‘user’

Customer Account
Invoice C1 Clerk
Invoice C2
External
Actor or
Entity Sales Order
Clerk Picking List

Sales Order Form Dispatcher

Sales
Work
Agent flow

Workflow diagrams model internal and external

actors (or entities) and work flows.
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A Data Flow Diagram

Invoice Data
Customer 2.0
Process
Order
Customer data,
ordered items data 1.0
Take Order Sales Order
Data

Order File

Dataflow diagrams model the processes or functions performed by

internal entities. They also show data storage.
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Combined User Level WFD

• Integrated view of all actors and workflows

• Can be used to identify high level business processes
• each internal actor performs activities to generate flows to and process flows from
external actor or entities.
• flows between internal actors can indicate a major process
• Can be used to define system boundaries
Payment
Sales
Report
Customer Account
Invoice C1 Clerk Management
Invoice C2

Sales Order
Order Clerk
Picking List

Sales Order Form

Sales
Agent Delivery
Customer
Dispatcher

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A Combined WFD:

Payment

Customer Account
Invoice C1 Clerk Sales
Invoice C2
Report

Sales Order Management

Order Clerk
Picking List

Sales Order Form

Sales
Agent Delivery Customer
Dispatcher

The combined WFD shows an

overview of the interactions
between actors.
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Organisational Level WFD

• Collapse all internal Actors in combined user-level WFD, into a single internal
entity
• External entities and the flow of information between the organization and
external entities
• Equivalent to Context level DFD
Promotion Accounts
Club Receivable
Member Member Order Member
Credit
Status Warehouse

various Inquiry Reponses Revised Packing Order

Member New Promotion
Potential New Subscription
Services
Member Subscription Offer Subscription Program
System
Subscription Renewal Various Sales Reports

various
Promotion Reports
Past Resubscription Offer Marketing
Member various Subscription Reports
Department

Various Member Member

Reports Services

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Organisational Level WFD
Promotion Accounts
Club Receivable
Member Member
Member Order
Credit
Status Warehouse

various Inquiry Reponses Revised Packing Order

Member New Promotion
Potential New Subscription
Services
Member Subscription Offer Subscription Program
System
Subscription Renewal Various Sales Reports

various
Promotion Reports
Past Resubscription Offer Marketing
Member various Subscription Department
Reports
Various Member Member
Reports Services

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Enterprise Object Model

• Business Objects
• Roles (teacher), places ( warehouse)
• Things (items, books)
• Transactions (payment, registration)
• Events (graduation)
• Every entity and workflow in combined user-level WFD is likely to be a candidate
class.
• Classes are grouped into subjects to form enterprise Object model
• “Subject” - group of related classes
• Data driven approach
• What are objects made up of?
• Event driven approach
• What an object does

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Example 1:

• Create a User-Level Workflow Diagram to document the entities and

workflows.

• Rock Records is a mail-order company that distributes Vinyl records, CDs and
digital music files at discount prices to record club members. When an order
processing clerk receives an order form, he or she verifies that the sender is a
club member by checking The Member Master file. If the sender is not a
member, the clerk returns the order along with a membership application form.
If the sender is a member, the clerk verifies the order item data by checking
the Item Master file. Then the clerk enters the order data and saves it to Daily
Orders file. The clerk also prints an invoice and shipping list for each order,
which are forwarded to Order Fulfillment

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Example 2:
• Create a Combined Workflow Diagram and an Enterprise Object Model for
this case.

Work study employees in each university dept. provide their secretary with their weekly timecards.
The dept. secretary accesses the employees hourly rate from Employee Payroll file and prepares
a weekly time sheet that lists each employee’s name, employee number, total hours worked and
hourly rate. Then the department secretary files the timecards in time card history folder and gives
the time sheet to the dept chair. If everything seems to be in order, the dept chair signs the
timesheet and forwards it to the University payroll department. If any figures on the time sheet are
unacceptable, the chair returns the sheet to the secretary, who verifies the figures and again gives
the time sheet to the dept. chair.
In the payroll dept, a clerk calculates gross payroll earnings for each employee and then
writes the earnings on the timesheet and updates the year to date gross earnings figure for each
employee in the employee’s file.( Note: Work-study students have been allocated a set figure,
e.g.,$1500, that represents their total allowed gross earnings for a year ). Then the clerk accesses
the Employee Payroll file to determine the employee's tax status and authorized deductions. The
clerk prepares the payroll checks which are forwarded to the employees. The processed time
sheet is filled in a Time Sheet History for each pay period.
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