HOSPITAL PLANNING AND

ORGANIZING AND UNIT

SUBMITTED BY :
POONAM TOMAR
MSc NURSING IInd YEAR
SUBHARTI UNIVERSITY
MEERUT
 INTRODUCTION

The last few decades have seen a spectacular development in

the health and hospital consciousness across India. • Essential
hospital service required for the community, can be met most
economically only with adequate thought given to planning,
design, construction and operation of health care facilities.
A design expert says, ‘ we have got to design ‘smart’
hospitals that respond to present needs while anticipating
future changes’
 HOSPITAL PLANNING
• Planning is the forecasting and organizing the activities
required to achieve the desired goals.
• All successful hospitals, without exception are built on a triad of
good planning, good design & construction and good
administration.
• To be successful, a hospital requires a great deal of preliminary
study and planning.
• It must be designed to serve people.
• It must be staffed with competent and adequate number of
efficient doctors, nurses, and other professionals.
• A strong management essential for the daily functioning of a
facility; must be included in the plans of a new hospital.
Hospital building differs from other building types in the
complex functional relationship that exist between the various
parts of the hospital.
• Apart from providing right environment for patients and care
providers, it should also be sensitive to the needs of visitors.
• It is thus imperative to examine the emerging issues, analyze the
challenges, appreciate the emerging trends and study the various
strategic options available for planning, designing and
construction of a hospital.
Planning involves six questions:
• What we expect to do?
• Why it will be done?
• Where will it be done?
• When we expect to do it?
• Who all are going to do it?
• How will it be done
 EMERGING ISSUES

1. Epidemiological and demographic changes

2. Enhanced Expectations of patients
3. Emphasis on ambulatory /Day care
4. Enhanced standards
5. Changing functions of hospital
6. Advancement in medical sciences
7. Outsourcing
 STRATEGIC ESSENTIALS

1. Regionalization
2. Pre Planning Consideration
3. Need assessment
4. Plot ratio
5. Design for flexibility and expandability
6. Fulfill the demand function
7. Emphasize on patients focused hospital
8. Focus on energy conservation
9. Intelligent Building
10. Create a healing architecture
11. Hospital architecture
12. Go Green
Healing Architecture: Architecture and design can promote the
healing process by giving patients a psychological and physical
lift.
Intelligent Building: A building that integrates technology and
process to create a facility that is safer, more comfortable and
productive for its occupants, and more operationally efficient for
its owners
Advanced technology: combined with improved processes for
design, construction and operations—provide a superior indoor
environment that improves occupant comfort and productivity
while reducing energy consumption and operations staffing.
Go Green :is a widely used term that can mean something
different to everyone. Going green is simply taking steps to
"conserve energy, reduce pollution and save money."
 IMPACTING FACTOR

1. Socio-economic profile of community

2. Health profile of region

3. Local regulations

4. Source of finance

5. Choice of technology

6. Climatic Zone
 HOSPITAL DESIGNING
1.The main guideline while designing hospital is FORM
FOLLOWS FUNCTION

2.All architectural and aesthetic design should be secondary in

nature

3.According to the function of department the designing to be

made

Hospital Designing ‘Form follows function’, is a principle

associated with modernist architecture and industrial design in
the 20th century. The principle is that the shape of a building or
object should be primarily based upon its intended function or
purpose
 PRINCIPLE OF HOSPITAL PLANNING

1. Protection from unwanted and unnecessary disturbances in order

to help speedy recovery
2. Separation of dissimilar activities
3. Control –The nurses station should be positioned strategically to
enable proper monitoring visitors entering and leaving wards ,
Infants and children should be protected from theft and infection
etc.
4. Circulation –All the departments of hospital must be properly
integrated
 FACTORS IN HOSPITAL PLANNING

• Community interest over individual interest.

• Preventive services over curative services.
• Services catering to the weaker sections of the community.
• Rural over urban.
• Regionalized planning.
Hospitals must meet two basic fundamental needs :
• Must meet the needs of the patients it is gong to serve
adequately
• It must be in size and proportion which the owner or promoters
will be able to build and operate
Guiding Principles for Hospital Planning:
• High quality patient care
• Effective community orientation
• Economic viability
• Sound structural plan
 GENERAL FEATURES

1. Environment
2. Screened Window
3. 3-4 Separate entrance
4. Exit Point
5. Attractive entrance
6. Traffic flow
7. Corridors
8. Visitors Control
9. Running Physical Part
10. Fire Escape
 PLANNING TEAM

1.Hospital Administrator
2.Specialists from various clinical branches
3.Nursing Adviser
4. HR Manager
5.Civil and Electrical Engineers
6.Represntative of local body
7.Senior architect
 OBJECTIVE OF PLANNING TEAM

1. Existing facility and its adequacy

2. Asses the needs of area
3. Need of new facilities so as to provide adequate qualitative
health care services to the people as per need
STEPS OF HOSPITAL PLANNING
Need Assessment
↓↓
Feasibility Report
↓↓
Architect Report
↓↓
Request of proposal
↓↓
Appointment of consultant
↓↓
Detailed Project report
↓↓
Notice inviting Tender
 ↓↓
Allocation of work
↓↓
Construction of building ,service ,and facilities ,equipment
↓↓
Purchase and manpower selection and requirement
↓↓
Stage of commissioning
↓↓
Review process
 FEASIBILITY STUDY
A. DAMOGRAPHHIC PATTERAN :
1 Types of Residents –High ,Middle ,Low classes
2. Affordability Status
3.Extent of people to be covered –Village ,Town
4.People ,Beliefs, attitude and practice and culture

B.NEED ASSESMENT :
1.What is the type of health need
2. For which vulnerable group (Old ,Children ,Women)
3. Economic status and sources of earning
4.Extent of utilization of present health care facilities
5.Level of leadership and motivation among people
6.Housing and education facility for hospital staff family
Bed Planning :

Population =A X S X 100/365 X PO

Where

A=Number of patients admissions /1000 Population /Year

S=Average length of stay

PO= percentage occupancy

C Site Selection :
1.Availability of sufficient land depending on size of
hospital
2. 25 Beds -5 Acre , 100 Beds -15 Acre , 200 Beds -25 Acre
500 Beds -50 Acre , 750 Beds -80 Acre ,
1000 Beds -100 Acre Approx.
3. Must have good approaching roads
4. Soil condition suitable for construction ,not land fill area
5. Proper drainage of rain water
6. Subsoil water and mineral level
7. Accessibility to the transportation and communication lines
8. Parking Facilities
9. Freedom from noise ,smoke vapours and other annoyances
D. ENVIRONMENT STUDY :
1.Area must have clean and sun shine ,avoid big buildings trees
near by
2.Climate should be moderate
3.No near by noise or smoking emitting industries
4.Flow of fresh air
5.Away from roads with heavy traffic

E. AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY :
1.Electric sub station in close vicinity
2.Availability of three phase electric supply
3.Dedicated electric supply line
4.Standby generator
F. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION :
1.Availability deep table subsoil water
2.Adequate water supply (400 Liters/bed/day )
3.Good maintained sewerage system (400 Liters/bed/day )
4.Easy access to sewerage treatment plant
5.Facility for Bio medical waste disposal near by
G.TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION :
1.Batter to have close access to Rail head or Bus stand
2.24 Hours public transport and private taxies available
3.Nearby telephone exchange /Line with adequate number of
pairs
4.Easy access to transmission towers for uninterrupted
communication
 PROJECT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

A.PROJECT OUTLINE:
1.Why to undertake the project
2.Justify with statistics
3.Hoe people are going to benefit
4.Acceptance of project by local people
5.Minimum size of project

B.DETAILED PROJECT PROPOSAL :

1.Size ,Shape and location of the project ,availability of land and
size
2.Types of services proposed to be provided(General/Specialty)
3.Approximate capital and recurring cost(Lakh/Bed)
 PROJECT PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

A.PROJECT OUTLINE:
1.Why to undertake the project
2.Justify with statistics
3.Hoe people are going to benefit
4.Acceptance of project by local people
5.Minimum size of project

B.DETAILED PROJECT PROPOSAL :

1.Size ,Shape and location of the project ,availability of land and
size
2.Types of services proposed to be provided(General/Specialty)
3.Approximate capital and recurring cost(Lakh/Bed)