Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lesson 1
Lesson 1
Rosario
A people without the knowledge of
their past history, origin and culture is
like a tree without roots.
Marcus Garvey
History- is the study of the past.
History is the account of the past of a person
or a group of people through written
documents and historical evidences
History is the record of what one age finds worthy
of note in another.
History is a study of human achievements.
History deals with the past and not the future.
It is a re-creation of the past and not objective in
nature.
History is the achievement of man not the
individual but the collective.
History is the history of the people, particularly
from the lower class.
It is a history from below which recognizes the role
of the lower social class in participating and
molding the Filipino history and culture.
Reynaldo Ileto
History is the dynamic process of dealing with the
past in which the stages or aspects of
development are interrelated brought upon by the
understanding of the present and future.
Samuel K. Tan
History is a narrative (which can be written,
visual, oral or a combination of all three) about
past events that has meaning to a certain group
of people in a given time and place.
Ambeth Ocampo
Derived from the Greek word, ἱστορία
“historia” which means “knowledge acquired
through inquiry or investigation”.
History as a discipline existed around 2400
years ago (Mathematics and Philosophy)
History became an important academic
discipline in the early parts of 20 th century
Focusing on the life history of individuals like
monarchs, heroes, saints and nobilities.
History as ang kasaysayan ay isang salaysay
tungkol sa nakalipas na may saysay sa isang
grupo ng tao.
countable
uncountable
It really anecdotes imaginary
happened
biographies
not true
factual
documentaries
academic fiction
Historical movies
Non-fiction
Lapulapu
killed
Magellan
Rizal executed in
Bagumbayan
Artifact is an object
made by a human
being, typically an
item of cultural or
historical interest.
Archaeology and Anthropology are both
disciplines of Social science and study of human
societies.
Archaeology is the study of past civilizations
while Anthropology is the study of both
contemporary cultures and their historical origins
History evolved as a complex and dynamic
discipline.
What is history?
Why study history?
For whom is history?
How was the historical text written?
How objective is the historical accounts?
Who wrote the history?
What was the context of publication?
What particular historical method was used?
Historiography is the history of history.
It covers how historians have studied and
developed history including its sources,
techniques, and theoretical approaches
History is the study of the past, the events
that happened in the past while
Historiography focuses on how a certain
historical text was written, who wrote it,
what was the context of its publication,
what historical method was employed, what
sources were used.
Positivism is the school of thought that
emerged between the 18 th and
19 th century.
This thought requires empirical and
observable evidence before one can claim
that a particular knowledge is true.
Positivist historians are expected to be objective
and impartial
The mantra, “ No document, No history” stemmed
from this thought.
History is written and taught for certain group of
audience.
When the IIustrados, like Jose Rizal, Isabelo delos
Reyes and Pedro Paterno wrote history, they
intended it for the Spaniards so that they would
realize that Filipinos are people of their own
intellect and culture.
When American historians depicted the Filipinos
as uncivilized, they intended it for the Americans
to justify their colonization and to civilize the
Filipinos.
Postcolonialism is the school of thought that
emerged in the early 20 th century when
formerly colonized nations grappled with the
idea of creating their identities and
understanding their societies against the
shadows of their colonial past.
Postcolonial history looks at two things:
Example:
World War II in the Philippines
Where the Americans are depicted as heroes
while the Imperial Japanese as the oppressors.
Filipinos who collaborated with Japanese are also
branded as traitors.
The dilemma of an Historian is to be fair and
objective with his accounts.
Historian cannot go to the past and rely on the
remains or evidences of the past to analyze and
interpret it.
“Facts cannot speak for themselves”. It is
the historian’s job not just to seek historical
evidences and facts but also to interpret
them. It is their job to give meaning to these
facts and organize them into timeline,
establish causes, and write history
1. Self context
2. Environment
3. Ideology
4. Education
It comprises certain techniques and rules
that historians follow in order to properly
utilize sources and historical evidences in
writing history.
Apply certain rules to treat conflicting
accounts from different sources and come up
with a more objective meaningful history.
The Annales school is a group of historians
associated with a style of historiography
developed by French historians in the 20th century
to stress long-term social history .