Science 4

SOIL: ITS TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS

•What were the lessons we
discussed last grading
period that you can
remember?
Note: below are suggested instructions to be observed
before taking the learners outside the classroom.

• Set standards on:

• Avoiding unnecessary noise in getting in and out of the classroom
• Adopting buddy system/ be with the group at all times
• Not to go out empty-handed. Bring a note book and pen
• Work on assigned task
• Do not run around the school grounds
• Be mindful of the time allotted for the activity
• Observe and practice CLAYGO (clean as you go)
After setting the standards, do the
ffg.:
• Allow the pupils to go outside the classroom where
they can walk on the uncemented area
• If the weather is not good, let the pupils stay in the
classroom
• Let them observe for 3 to 5 minutes
• Ask: “what covers the surface of the ground and what
it contains? If one digs deeper into the ground. Do all
soils have similar characteristics?
•Day 2: January 14, 2020 “fast or slow?”
•Prepare do it yourself.
•Use (option 2) plastic cups and holed
plastic cups for the experiment
•Manila paper, tape and marker for
group output
Use the guide questions:

• What common characteristics did you

observe on your samples?
• Do the samples have the same color, texture
and odor? Why do you think so?
• What do you think is the type of soil that
you observed?
Match the soil description in column A to its type
in column B. Do this by connecting the dots.
 LESSON GUIDE:
Types of Soil and its Common
Characteristics
•1.Clay - Particles are packed
together tightly. It is sticky when
wet and has the finest texture.
•2.Loam - It is a mixture of sand and
clay. It contains large amount of
decaying plants and animals. It has
a fine texture. It can hold enough
water and oxygen.
•3.Sand - Particles are coarse and
loose. It cannot hold water well.
• Layers of Soil • Description
• 1.Topsoil (A-Horizon) • The uppermost layer of the
soil. Rich in organic materials
called humus and with
minerals needed for plant
growth.

• 2.Sub-soil (B-Horizon) • It is composed of loosely

arranged rocks, sand and
clay. It is rich with minerals
that drain from the top soil.
However, subsoil alone
cannot support plant life.
• 3.Parent Rock • It is composed of rocks that
are slowly breaking apart. It
does not contain necessary
nutrients and water needed
for plant growth

• 4.Bedrock (D-Horizon) • The lowest layer of the soil. It

is made up of undisturbed
large boulders and gravel. It
contains materials good for
constructing.
Evaluation: Compare the characteristics of the
different types of soil. Use the table below.