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25 Ele
25 Ele
Define electrolysis?
Some examples.
What are the values of DG and Ecell?
Electrolysis of water.
Some industrial applications.
Corrosion
Increase
reducing
power
AgNO3(aq)
Na+ Cl-
http://academic.pgcc.edu/~ssinex/ 32
E_cells.ppt.. All rights reserved.
Molten NaCl
Observe the reactions at the electrodes
- +
battery
Na (l)
NaCl (l)
Na+
Cl- Na+
NaCl (l)
cations anions
migrate Na+ migrate
toward Cl- Na+ toward
(-) (+)
e-
electrode (-) Cl- (+) electrode
Non-spontaneous reaction!
http://academic.pgcc.edu/~ssinex/ 35
E_cells.ppt. All rights reserved.
The Downs Cell for the Electrolysis of Molten Sodium Chloride
from
power
CO2 source
bubbles Al+3 Al+3 -
O-2 e-
O-2 O-2
Al2O3 (l)
Al (l)
Draw
carbon-lined steel vessel off
acts as cathode Al (l)
Cathode: Al+3 + 3e- Al (l)
Anode: 2 O-2 + C (s) CO2 (g) + 4e- 42
The Hall Process
http://academic.pgcc.edu/~ssinex/ 43
E_cells.ppt.
Fig. 22.21: Production of solid Mg
Underground steel pipes offer the strength to transport fluids at high pressures,
but they are vulnerable to corrosion driven by electrochemical processes. A
measure of protection can be offered by driving a magnesium rod into the
ground near the pipe and providing an electrical connection to the pipe. Since
the magnesium has a standard potential of -2.38 volts compared to -.41 volts
for iron, it can act as a anode of a voltaic cell with the steel pipe acting as the
cathode. With damp soil serving as the electrolyte, a small current can flow in
the wire connected to the pipe. The magnesium rod will be eventually
consumed by the reaction
Mg(s) -> + Mg2+(aq) + 2e-
while the steel pipe as the cathode will be protected by the reaction
O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e- -> 4OH-(aq).
From: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/corrosion.html#c2