Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bacteria
Bacteria
• Archaebacteria
– More ancient group
Archaebacteria
• Have weird lipids on their
membranes
• Have introns in their DNA
NO
• Have
Peptidoglycan
– A protein/carb mix
Extremophiles
• Love extremes
• No competition there
• Places to salty, acidic, hot or cold, for life
Methanogens
• Oxygen kills them
• Live at bottom of swamps, or in sewage
• Can combine O2 and CO2 into methane
– Swamp gas
• And in your gut
– Enteric bacteria
– E. Coli a facultative anaerobe: It can live with or
without O2
– Obligate anaerobes: Have to live where there’s no O2
Halophiles & Acidophiles
• Halophiles: Love salt
– Live in the dead sea
– 2nd saltiest water on
Earth
– 8x’s saltier than
oceans
– Lowest point on earth
not covered by ice
– 418 M below sea level
Dead Sea
• King David,
Herod, Jesus,
John The
Baptist,
• Jericho is just
north (oldest
continually
occupied town
• But the sea is
shrinking
– People need
water
Volcanic acid lake in Gorley
(Kamchatka, Russia)
• A
crowbar
will
dissolve
in about
an hour
in this
lake
Acid Lake in Taal, Phillipines
• Sulfuric vents at the
lake’s edge
Eubacteria
• Rod shaped: Bacilli
• Sphere shaped: cocci
– Linked in a chain:
streptococci
– Grape-like clusters:
staphylococci
• Spiral shpaed: Spirilla
Gram Stain
• Gram-positive: keep the
stain, show up purple
– They have peptidoglycan
– These bacteria make yogurt
• Gram-negative: don’t take
the gram stain, but do take
a pink stain instead
– Rhizobium: makes N2 gases
usable by plants
• The difference: Make dif, chemicals,
react to dif antibiotics and disinfectants
• Not plants, but do
photosynthesis Cyanobacteria
• Heterocysts: a kind
that makes Nitrogen
usable for plants
• If you put a lot of
nitrogen into a water
supply you get a
population bloom
– Eutrophication: all
these bacteria suck up
the oxygen and
everything else in the
water dies
Genetic recombination
• Without reproducing bacteria can acquire
and express new genetic info
• Transformation: Bacteria take in DNA
around it
• Conjugation: Bacteria use pilli to make a
bridge between each other and uses
plasmids
• Transduction: viruses carry DNA between
bacteria