•HISTORY
•JAPANESE GARDENS ARE INSPIRED FROM
CHINESE LANDSCAPE GARDENS.
•JAPANESE GARDENS FIRST APPEARED ON THE
INSLAND OF HONSHU.
•THEY BEGAN DURING THE ASUKA PERIOD.
•THEY WERE DESIGNED TO BRING SPIRITUAL
SENSE AND MAKE PLACES THAT ARE APEACEFUL
FOR PEOPLE TO MEDITATE.
•JAPANESE GARDENS ARE COMMONLY KNOWN
AS ‘ZEN GARDENS’.
• ELEMENTS:
– WATER: JAPANESE GARDENS ALWAYS HAVE
WATER IN THE FORM OF PONDS, STREAMS,
WATER FALLS, ETC. WATER IS USED FOR SOUND
AND VISUAL EFFECT. LAKE OR POND IS CREATED
TO MAKE CALM AND FORMAL SET UP.
– ROCKS AND SAND: ROCK AND WATER
SYMBOLIZE YIN AND YANG, THE HARD ROCK
AND SOFT WATER COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER.
• SIZE- ROCKS OF VARIOUS SIZES ARE USED;
VERTICAL, FLAT, ETC.
• COLOURS- GREY OR BLACK COLOR
CONTRAST.
• TEXTURE- REPRESENT MOUNTAINS; SO
CONICAL OR DOME SHAPED; GIVES FEELING
OF TIMELESSNESS.
• ROCKS AARE ALSO USED FOR STEPPING
STONES.
• ROCKS ARE ARRANGED TO REFLECT
CONCEPT OF HEAVEN, EARTH AND MAN.
– TREES AND FLOWERS: PLANTS ARE CHOSEN
ACCORDING TO AESTHETIC PRINCIPLES AND
USED TO CREATE PICTURESQUE SCENES AND
VISUAL EFFECT.
– GARDEN BRIDGES: MADE OF STONES, WOOD
OR LOGS; COULD BE FLAT OR ARCHED.
– STONE LANTERNS: SIMILAR TO PAGODA,
REPRESENTS FIVE ELEMENTS OF BUDDHIST
COSMOLOGY; I.E., EARTH, WATER, FIRE, LIGHT,
AIR.
• TYPES:
DRY GARDEN
HILL GARDEN
TEA GARDEN
• JAPANESE TEA GARDEN
o THESE ARE ALSO KNOWN AS ‘CHANIWA GARDENS’
o TEA GARDENS HAVE A TEAHOUSE BUILT FOR TEA
CEREMONIES.
o THE STYLES OF BOTH THE HUT AND THE GARDEN
ARE BASED OFF THE SIMPLE CONCEPTS OF THE
SADO.
o THERE ARE STEPPING STONES LEADING TO THE
TEAHOUSE, STONE LANTERNS AND WATER BASINS.
o THE TEAHOUSE IS SCREENED BY HEDGES TO
CREATE A SENSE OF REMOTENAESS.
o THERE ARE MOSTLY EVERGREEN TREES LIKE
CAMELLIA, PODOCARPUS, MAHONIA ETC
o EXTENSIVE USE OF MOSS IS THERE TO GIVE AN
ANCIENT FEEL , AS IT GROWS IN SHADE.
o PLANTS CHOSEN FOR THEIR RELIGIOUS
SYMBOLISM SUCH AS LOTUS, PINE WHICH
REPRESENT LONGEVITY.
o AGALEAS USED TO CREATE CLEAN LINS, SPHERICAL
SHAPES.
o FLOWERS CHOSEN ACCORDING TO SEASON
• PRNCIPLES:
• NATURAL: THATVSHOULD MAKE THE
GARDEN LOOK AS IF IT GREW BY ITSELF.
• ASYMMETRY: THAT CREATES THE
IMPRESSION OF BEING NATURAL.
• ODD NUMBERS: LIKE THREE, FIVE OR SEVEN;
THAT SUPPORT THE EFFECT OF ASYMMETRY.
• SIMPLICITY: THAT FOLLOWS THE IDEA OF
“LESS IS MORE”
• TRIANGLE: THAT IS THE MOST COMMON
SHAPE FOR COMPOSITIONS MADE OF
STONES, PLANTS, ETC.
• CONTRAST: THAT CREATES TENSION
BETWEEN ELEMENTS.
• LINES: THAT CAN CREATE BOTH TRANQUILITY
AND TENSION.
• CURVES: THAT SOFTEN THE EFFECT.
• OPENNESS: THAT INDICATES INTERACTION
BETWEEN ALL ELEMENTS.
• THIS GARDEN IN SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA A POPULAR
FEATURE OF GOLDEN GATE PARK, IS THE OLDEST PUBLIC
JAPANESE GARDEN IN THE US MADE IN 1894 FOR THE
WORLD’S FAIR.
• GARDEN IS SPREAD OVER 3 ACRES AND HAS MANY PATHS,
PONDS AND A TEAHOUSE FEATURES NATIVE JAPANESE AND
CHINESE PLANTS AND TREES.
• THE COMPLEX CONTAINS SCULPTURES AND STRUCTURES
INFLLUENCED BY BUDDHIST AND SHINTO RELIGIOUS BELIEFS.
• ELEMENTS OF ROCK AND WATER ARE USED TO CREATE A PLAN
CALMING LANDSCAPE DESIGNED TO SLOW DOWN PEOPLE.
• ELEMENTS USED:
•THE TEAHOUSE , HUMAN-MADE STRUCTURE, IS
LOCATED BY THE WATER AND SURROUNDED BY
DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF THE GARDEN. BUILT FOR
TRADITIONAL ‘’JAPANESE TEA CEREMONY.
•THE PAGODA IN TH EJAPANESE TEA GARDEN IS A FIVE-
TIERED BUDDHIST SHRINE, ALSO KNOWN AS THE
‘TREASURE TOWER’.
PLANTS GROWN: •A MOON BRIDGE NAMED BECAUSE WHEN REFLECTED
•MOSTLY EVERGREEN AND NON FLOWERING ON THE WATER , IT CREATES A FULL CIRCLE SHAPE
PLANTS ARE THERE. RESEMBLING THE MOON. IT IS A HIGHLY ARCHED
•EXTENSIVE USE OF MOSS AS IT GROWS IN SHADE. PEDESTRIAN.
•TREES LIKE BLACK PINE, RED PINE AND JAPANESE •ROCK GARDEN HAVING PALE GREY STONES WITH
MAPLE REPRESENT LONGEVITY GROWN FOR UNIFORNM STRAIGHT LINES AROUND WHICH
RELIGIOUS SYMBOLISM. REPRESENT WAVES IN AN OCEAN.
•FISH A SYMBOL OF STRENGTH AND PERSEVERANCE •STONE LANTERNS AND GARDEN FENCES AND GATES