Ventilation

Advance
Ventilation &
Aircondition
HAU Core Specific Expression Teaching Learning
Time Values of Values
Hours Course Outline Activities Assessment Tools
Frame
Introduction to Ventilation Enrichment of  Examination (Written)
Engineering technical  Lecture,
⦁ competence  Class Discussion,  Problem Set
Week through introducing  Multimedia  Recitation/Board work
3 Excellence
1 of standards and Instruction, (Individual
fundamentals. Participation)
Type of Fans and Blowers  Examination (Written)

 Lecture,
Week  Class Discussion,  Problem Set
6 -do- -do-  Multimedia  Recitation/Board work
2-3
Instruction. (Individual
Participation)
Duct System and Accessories  Examination (Written)
 Lecture
Exhaust and Supply Air Duct  Class Discussion  Problem Set
Week Design  Multimedia  Recitation/Board work
12 -do- -do-
3-6 Instruction (Individual
 Web-based Participation)
Instruction
Static head and velocity  Examination (Written)
head calculation of a  Lecture
ventilation system  Class Discussion  Problem Set
Week  Multimedia  Recitation/Board work
21 -do- -do-
6-12 Fan Sizing Instruction (Individual
Instruction
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Ventilation Design of Various  Examination (Written)
Industrial Applications  Lecture
Week  Class Discussion  Problem Set
12-18 21 -do- -do-  Multimedia  Recitation/Board work
Instruction (Individual
Instruction
FINAL EXAMINATION
Final Course Output
Learning Outcomes Required Output/s Due Date
Apply the ventilation analyzing Submit a building room design that applies
problems and design application for the learned theories and concepts from the
building design practices. subject/course.
The application/s should be approved by

the faculty to avoid duplication and validity
of design Week 15
An oral presentation maybe conducted for
revalidation of output.
Ventilation
-The process of supplying or removing air by
natural or mechanical means to or from
any space. Such air may or may not be
conditioned.
-is the intentional introduction of ambient air

into a space and is mainly used to control
indoor air quality by diluting and displacing
indoor pollutants.
Makeup Air
T H M
Distribution duct
Make-Up COOLING COILS

COOLING COILS FILTER FAN UNITS
Fresh Air
Dehumidifier Connection to Probe
(MAU)
7 units
P
• Fresh air
Return Return
Shut-off damper plenum plenum
supplied into the CLEAN ROOM
breathing zone
of the associate. SUB-FAB ROOM
Exhaust System: Bump 6
Exhaust System: Probe 7
Exhaust System: Assembly 8
Exhaust System: Test 9
Library work (Group of 4)
 What is ventilation
 Give one application
 Ventilation process of the chosen application
 Include schematic diagrams / Designs
 References (library)
 6 pm
Assignment
Duct system and accessories

QUIZ
QUIZ NO. 1
 What is ventilation?
 What is the standard use for ventilation?
 Name the fans according to how they are used?
 What are the general types of fans?
 Differentiate the types of fans
 Name the various axial flow fans
 What are the comparison of belt driven and
direct driven propeller fans?
 What is S.P.?
 What is the most efficient centrifugal fan?
 What is the oldest and basic wheel type?
Fans and Blowers Formula
Formulas:
Formulas:
c. Variable Fan Size, d

(constant speed &
density)
Q1 = d1
3
h1 = d1
2
Q2 d2 h2 d2
5
P1 = d1
P2 d2
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
Sample Problems:
1.
Sample Problems:
2.
Sample Problems:
3.
Sample Problems:
4.
Sample Problems:
5.
6.
7.
Sample Problems:
6.
Sample Problems:
7.
Duct System
Duct Design
 The purpose of air conditioning ductwork is to

deliver air from the fan to the diffusers which
distribute the air to the room.
 Air Moves Through the Ductwork in Response to a
Pressure Difference Created by the Fan
 The objective of duct design is to size the duct so
as to minimize the pressure drop through the duct,
while keeping the size (and cost) of the ductwork
to a minimum.
Duct System Pressure
 Total head (ht) = Static Head (hs) + Velocity Head (hv)
 Static pressure and velocity pressure increase and decrease as the
air proceeds through the ductwork, depending on the cross-
sectional area of the flow.
 The total pressure of the airstream decreases as the air proceeds
through the ductwork due to the conversion of mechanical energy
to heat caused by friction.
Equal Friction Method
1. Know the air volume in every tool and branch.

2. Compute the total volume in the system
3. Determine the maximum acceptable airflow
velocity in the main ducts.
4. Determine the static pressure drop in main duct
5. Determine the duct sizes throughout the system
6. Determine the total resistance in the system
Duct
Accessories
GALVANIZED SHEET METAL GAUGES
RIGID DUCTS
FLEXIBLE DUCTS
SEMI RIGID DUCTS
Duct access door
• Location
• Thickness
• Insulation
• Maintenance
Duct access door
Without proper duct access, regular maintenance becomes
impossible. This allows debris to collect in the duct system which
affects the overall air quality employees and guests are
breathing. Ductwork debris takes many forms and can cause a
variety of health and safety hazards.
 Dust
Dust buildup can lead to allergies and overall employee
discomfort. Plus dust can also increase the hazard of kitchen fires
as the clogged ducts do not allow for proper ventilation.
Duct access door
 Animal Infestations
Another type of debris that can collect in ductwork is caused
by animals. Animals often get inside of ductwork through both
external and internal holes. Once animals start living in ductwork,
their waste and overall damage can lead to illness if employees
are exposed. Illness due to unsafe work environments can lead to
costly medical care and possible legal action.
 Bacteria & Mold
Molds and bacteria grow in warm, moist environments, which
can make unclean ductwork an ideal location for their
development. Without regular professional upkeep, dust and
animal debris can collect in the duct system. This causes an
environment which is favorable for mold and bacteria.
TURNING VANES
NORMALLY USED ON SQUARE ELBOWS IN HVAC

DUCT SYSTEM; PROVIDE TURBULENCE FREE AIR
SPLIT DAMPERS
ADJUSTMENTS OF THE VOLUME OF AIRFLOW AND RESISTANCE CAN

BE MADE WITH A SQUEEZE DAMPER.
PLENUM BOX
A PLENUM BOX IS A JUNCTION THAT JOINS VARIOUS DUCTS OF AN

HVAC SYSTEM. FRESH AND RECIRCULATED AIR NORMALLY MIX IN A
PLENUM BOX.
AIR FILTER
IS A DEVICE COMPOSED OF FIBROUS OR POROUS MATERIALS

WHICH REMOVES SOLID PARTICULATES SUCH AS DUST, POLLEN,
MOLD, AND BACTERIA FROM THE AIR.
VIBRATION ISOLATOR
PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN USED TO REDUCE THE TRANSMISSION OF

NOISE AND VIBRATION FROM MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ONTO A
BUILDING STRUCTURE, SUPPORT, ISOLATE AND SUSPEND
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT, AND TO PROTECT EQUIPMENT FROM
DAMAGE DURING SEISMIC ACTIVITY.
FLEXIBLE CONNECTOR
FLEXIBLE DUCT CONNECTIONS ARE INSTALLED BETWEEN THE AIR

HANDLING EQUIPMENT AND THE SHEET METAL AIR DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM.
ELBOW, WYE, TEE
Short 90°Elbow Long 90° 45° Elbow

Elbow
Rigid Duct Flexible Duct

Tool Wye Tool Tee Tool
#1 #2 #3
??? ??? ???
300 cfm 1,500 800 cfm
Semi-Rigid Dampers cfm
Duct
Short Long 45° Elbow

90°Elbow 90°
Elbow
2,600 2,600 2,300 800

cfm cfm cfm cfm
300 1,500 80
cfm cfm 0
cf
Tool Tool Toolm
#1 #2 #3
300 cfm 1,500 800 cfm
cfm
3. Determine the maximum acceptable airflow velocity in the main
ducts.
- use 10 m/s or 1969 fpm duct velocity (industrial system 8 to 12 m/s)
2,600 2,600 2,300 800

cfm cfm cfm cfm
300 1,500 80
cfm cfm 0
cf
Tool Tool Toolm
#1 #2 #3
300 cfm 1,500 800 cfm
cfm
ducts.

- SP from chart is 0.3 inwg /100ft
Tool Tool Tool

#1 #2 #3
ducts.

5. Determine the duct sizes throughout the system: at 0.3 “wg/100ft
D ~ 16 in D ~ 16 in D ~ 10 in or 12
in
2,600 2,600 cfm 2,300 cfm 800 cfm
cfm
300 cfm 1,500 800 cfm
cfm
D ~ 8 in D ~ 14 in D ~ 10 in or 12
Tool Tool in Tool
#1 #2 #3
300 cfm 1,500 cfm 800 cfm
ducts.

L = 100 ft L = 200 ft
SP = 0.45 D = 16 in D = 16 in D = 12 in
SP = 0.2 SP = 0.28
L = 150 ft
2,600 2,600 cfm 2,300 cfm 800 cfm
cfm
SP = 0.03 300 cfm 800 cfm
SP = 0.04 1,500 SP = 0.06
L = 20 ft
L = 20 ft cfm L = 20 ft
D = 8 in
D = 14 in D = 10 in
Tool Tool Tool
#1 #2 #3
300 cfm 1,500 cfm 800 cfm
SP = 0.45
SP =
0.03
Sptotal = 0.48 “wg
Tool Tool Tool
#1 #2 #3
SP = 0.45 SP = 0.2
Sptotal = 0.69 “wg SP = 0.04
Tool Tool Tool

#1 #2 #3
SP = 0.45 SP = 0.2 SP = 0.28
Sptotal = 0.99 “wg SP = 0.06
Tool Tool Tool

#1
Frictional Loss Calculation
 Equal Friction Method - The duct is sized to result in a
constant pressure loss per unit length of duct.
 Velocity Reduction Method - Velocity at the fan discharge
is pre-selected. The duct system is designed to
provide progressively lower duct velocities as the air
proceeds from the main duct to the branches.
 Static Regain Method - The ducts are sized so the
increase in static pressure at each take-off offsets the
pressure loss of the succeeding section of ductwork.
Exercise #1
Calculate the duct sizes and the total SP.
1000 cfm
3
Tool #
L = 250 ft L = 180 ft
L = 20 ft
L = 20 ft
L = 20 ft
Tool Tool
#1 #2
5,000 cfm 2,000 cfm
Exercise #2
Calculate the duct sizes and the total SP.
2000 cfm
3
Tool #
L = 350 ft L = 20 ft
L = 150 ft
L = 20 ft
L = 20 ft
Tool Tool
#1 #2
8,000 cfm 1,000 cfm

3. Determine the maximum acceptable airflow
velocity in the main ducts.
5. Determine the duct sizes throughout the system
(straight duct length + equivalent lengths of duct
fittings)
7. Calculate minor losses (velocity head) on fittings
8. Calculate total pressure losses in the dampers
Rigid Duct Flexible Duct

Tool Wye Tool Tee Tool
#1 #2 #3
??? ??? ???
300 cfm 1,500 800 cfm
Semi-Rigid Dampers cfm
Duct
Short Long 45° Elbow

90°Elbow 90°
Elbow
2,600 2,600 2,300 800

cfm cfm cfm cfm
300 1,500 80
cfm cfm 0
cf
Tool Tool Toolm
#1 #2 #3
300 cfm 1,500 800 cfm
cfm
ducts.
2,600 2,600 2,300 800

cfm cfm cfm cfm
300 1,500 80
cfm cfm 0
cf
Tool Tool Toolm
#1 #2 #3
300 cfm 1,500 800 cfm
cfm
ducts.
Tool Tool Tool

#1 #2 #3
To slide 62
ducts.

D ~ 16 in D ~ 16 in D ~ 10 in or 12
in
2,600 2,600 cfm 2,300 cfm 800 cfm
cfm
300 cfm 1,500 800 cfm
cfm
D ~ 8 in D ~ 14 in D ~ 10 in or 12
chart in
Tool Tool Tool
#1 #2 #3
300 cfm 1,500 cfm 800 cfm
ducts.

L = 150 ft L = 100 ft L = 200 ft
Determine
6.chart the total resistance
D = 16 in in the system
D = 16(straight
in duct
D =length
12 in +
equivalent lengths of duct fittings)
SP = 0.38 SP = 0.2 SP =
2,600 2,600 cfm 2,300 cfm 0.28
800 cfm
cfm
Full flow wye , 16”= 39 ftSP = 0.12 300 cfm 1,500 800 cfm
L = 20 ft
Tapered Reducer, 16x 8”= 6 ftSP = 0.02 L = 20 ft cfm L = 20 ft
Full flow wye, 16” = 39 ftSP = 0.12 D = 8 in D = 14 in D = 10 in
Tapered Reducer, 16x14”= 9.75 SP =
ft
SP = 0.03
0.03 Tool SP = Tool SP = Tool
Tapered Reducer, 16x12”= 8.5 SP ft
= 0.03 0.04 0.06
#1 #2 #3
90 deg Elbow = 16 ft SP = 0.05 300 cfm 1,500 cfm 800 cfm
6. Determine the total resistance in the system (straight duct length +
equivalent lengths of duct fittings)
SP = 0.45 SP = 0.12
SP = 0.02
SP =
0.03
Sptotal = 0.62 “wg Tool Tool Tool

#1 #2 #3
SP = 0.45 SP = 0.12 SP = 0.2 SP = 0.12
SP = 0.03
Sptotal = 0.96 “wg SP = 0.04
Tool Tool Tool

#1 #2 #3
SP = 0.45 SP = 0.12 SP = 0.2 SP = 0.12 SP = SP = 0.05
0.28
SP = 0.03 SP = 0.0
SP = 0.06
Tool Tool Tool

#1
7. Calculate minor losses (velocity head) on fittings
SP = 0.45 SP =
0.102
2600 cfm, 16”
hv= SP = 0.02
V = 1800 fpm
SP =
hv= (0.3)(1800/60 ft/s)2 / [2*(32.2 ft/s2) 0.03
hv= (4.19 ft air) *(1.2 kg/m3)/(1000
Tool Tool Tool
kg/m3)
h = 0.005 ft wg = 0.06 “wg
v #1 #2 #3
SP = 0.45 SP = 0.10 SP = 0.2 SP = 0.1
Minor loss coefficient SP = 0.01
Sptotal = 0.9 “wg SP = 0.04
Tool Tool Tool

#1 #2 #3
SP = 0.45 SP = 0.10 SP = 0.2 SP = 0.1 SP = SP = 0.02
0.28
SP = 0.10 SP = 0.1
SP = 0.06
Tool Tool Tool

#1
8. Calculate total pressure losses in the dampers
SP = 0.45 SP = 0.10
2600 cfm, 16”

SP = 0.01
V = 1800 fpm
SP =
0.03
PDP= 0.8“wg
Tool Tool Tool
#1 #2 #3
SP = 0.45 SP = 0.10 SP = 0.2 SP = 0.1
SP = 0.01
Sptotal = 0.9 “wg SP = 0.04
Tool Tool Tool

#1 #2 #3
SP = 0.45 SP = 0.10 SP = 0.2 SP = 0.1 SP = SP = 0.02
0.28
SP = 0.10 SP = 0.1
SP = 0.06
Tool Tool Tool

#1
Exercise #2
Calculate the duct sizes and the total Losses.
Duct System A
Duct System B
Equivalent Length of Fittings
(Round Duct)
Elbow Boot
Tapered
Reducer End Boot
Round Duct
Fittings and Tee
Transitions Stub Wye
Branch Angle Boot
for Table 9.8
Full Flow Tee
Elbow
Register
(90, 4-piece) Saddle Side Ceiling Box
Full Flow Elbow (45, 2-piece)

Wye Branch
Reducer Straight Boot
Plenum
Wye
Take-off
Branch
20 Plenum Return
(No Taper) Top Ceiling Box
Plenum or
Coil Cabinet Return Grill
45 Box Transition
D
R
Tapered
Return 45
Tapered Return
Grill Transition
(Rectangular
Duct)
Transition
3 Straight sides
Transition
2 Straight sides
Square Rect-Round Radius Tee
Tee Transition
Rectangular
Elbow
Square
w Transition
Smooth
h Radius 45Rect.
Conical Elbow Take-off
Take-off Rectangular
Take-off
Round Take-off
45 Round
Take-off
R
w
Plenum or
Coil Cabinet Return Grill
45 Box Transition
R
w
Tapered
Return 45
Tapered Return
Grill Transition
Minor Loss
Losses occur in straight pipes and ducts as major loss and in
system components as minor loss. Components as valves,
bends, tees add head loss common termed as minor loss to
the fluid flow system.
Minor loss coefficients for different components common in air duct
distribution systems
Back to
P#7
HVAC Damper Pressure
Drop
a
b
Pipe Sizing
PIPE SIZING PROCEDURE
Pipe sizing can be calculated using the formula:
Q = A *v
Where:
Q = volume flow rate, ft3/min, m3/s
A = area, ft2, m2
A = πd2/4
d = inside diameter of the pipe, ft,
v = velocity of fluid, ft/min, m/s
Remark: This basic formula is not economical for higher

load applications.
Pipe sizing can also be based on pressure drop from Darcy Equation:
dP = ρ* f *L*v2 / (2*d)
Where:
dP = pressure drop, Pascal, psig
ρ = fluid density, kg/m3, lbm/ft3
f = Darcy friction factor (dimensionless)
L = pipe length, m, ft
v = velocity of fluid, m/s, ft/min
d = inside diameter of the pipe, m, ft
Remark: The larger the pipe diameter, the lesser the

pressure drop, the better for the CDA system.
Darcy friction factor, f, can be calculated based on the nature of flow of
the fluid:
For Laminar Flow (Re < 2100):

f = 64 / Re
For Turbulent Flow (Re > 4000):

(1 / √f ) = -2*log [ ε / (3.7*d) + 2.51/(Re*√f)]
Where:
Re = Reynold’s Number = v * D / Ѵ = v * D / (μ / ρ ) = v * D * ρ / μ
v = velocity of fluid, m/s, ft/s
D = pipe inside diameter, m, ft
Ѵ = kinematic viscosity of the fluid, m2/s, ft2/s
μ = absolute viscosity of the fluid, Pa-sec, psi-sec
ε = absolute pipe roughness, m, ft
PRESSURE DROP
CALCULATION
1. Identify pipe segments in the
layout. Shall include flow and
pressure requirement of end user.
Compressor
A B
Pipe Segments Flow,Q, cfm Equipment #1

C E (500 cfm, 50
AB 1500 psig)
BC 1500
CD 1000
CE 500 Equipment #2
DF 1000 D F (1000 cfm, 40
psig)
PRESSURE DROP
CALCULATION
2. Determine straight pipe length,
and pipe fittings like elbows, valves,
etc. Get equivalent length of the
fittings. Sum up the lengths.
L = 20 m
Compressor
A B
L=5m
L=1m
Pipe Segments Flow,Q, cfm Length,L, m Equipment #1
C E (500 cfm, 50
AB 1500 20 psig)
BC 1500 5
CD 1000 10 L = 10 m
CE 500 1 L=1m
DF 1000 1 Equipment #2
D F (1000 cfm, 40
psig)
PRESSURE DROP
CALCULATION
3. Gather other parameters to compute for the
pressure drop across the chosen pipe segment.
Parameter Value Remark

Total Equivalent Length, L, m 20
Inside Diameter, d, mm 75
Maximum End User Pressure, psig 50
Allowable Pressure Drop 0.75
Flow Rate per Segment, cfm 1500
Kinematic Viscosity, mmm/s /s
2 2
16.97 for air, 1.32 for water
Pipe Roughness, um 15 for steel , Iron Pipes; 1.5 for PVC Pipes
PRESSURE DROP
CALCULATION
4. Calculate for the pressure drop across the pipe
segment using the formula:
dP = ρ* f *L*v2 / (2*d)
If dP < 1.5%, the diameter identified is good to

use; otherwise, repeat procedures 2 to 4 with a
bigger pipe diameter to come up with a better dP.
PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION
5. Do same procedures for other pipe segments until the farthest point
in the pipeline.
6. Sum up all the pressure drops for each flow passage to get the
maximum pressure drop in the system
Pipe Flow,Q, Diameter, Flow Rate per Kinematic Pipe Roughness,

Length, m Pressure, psi dP, psi
Segments cfm mm Segment, cfm Viscosity, m2/s um
AB 1500 20 125 50 1500 16.97 15 0.69
BC 1500 5 125 50 1500 16.97 15 0.17
CD 1000 10 100 40 1000 16.97 15 0.49
CE 500 1 50 50 500 16.97 15 0.42
DF 1000 1 60 40 500 16.97 15 0.63
PRESSURE DROP
7.CALCULATION
Calculate the maximum pressure
requirement of the Compressor
Compressor
A B
Pipe Flow,Q, Diameter, Flow Rate per Kinematic Pipe Roughness,

Length, m Pressure, psi dP, psi Equipment #1
Segments cfm mm Segment, cfm Viscosity, m2/s um (500 cfm, 50
C E
AB 1500 20 125 50 1500 16.97 15 0.69 psig)
BC 1500 5 125 50 1500 16.97 15 0.17
CD 1000 10 100 40 1000 16.97 15 0.49
CE 500 1 50 50 500 16.97 15 0.42
DF 1000 1 60 40 500 16.97 15 0.63 Equipment #2
D F (1000 cfm, 40
psig)
End User Pressure Pressure
Pathway Pipe Segments Pressure Drop, psig Requirement, psig Requirement, psig
1 AB+BC+CE 1.28 50 51.28
2 AB+BC+CD+DF 1.98 40 41.98
Final Course Output
Learning Outcomes Required Output/s Due Date
Apply the ventilation analyzing problems Submit a building room design that applies
and design application for building the learned theories and concepts from the
design practices. subject/course.
Floor Plan with complete equipment and
fixtures, Elevation And Mechanical plan.
Complete dimensions
The application/s should be approved by the

faculty to avoid duplication and validity of
design TBA
An oral presentation maybe conducted for

revalidation of output.
The output should be typewritten, 1.5 space,

Arial Font size 11.
Rubric for Assessment
Criteria Excellent (100%) Good (75%) Satisfactory (50%) Needs Improvement (25%)
Background of the study There is a complete Justification of the Justification of the Justification of the
(10pts) statement of the application was discussed application was discussed application is not sufficient
Thermodynamics application but the background of the but no background was
and justified that the study is incomplete. Also all of included.
application involvement of its the laws were discussed.
laws. Also all of the laws were
discussed.
Discussion of the Application Complete discussion of There is one vital information There are two vital Information given are very
(20pts) application relating to the missing. information missing. insufficient.
specific thermodynamic
law/s.
Analysis of the Problem Complete analysis of the There is one missing There are two missing Analysis conducted does not
(Process/es involve – 20pts) problem was shown including relationship of the properties. relationship of the properties. sufficient to have a
the relationships of properties. conclusion.
Design, Solution and Computation shown is N/A Solution is complete but final Solution shown is wrong.
computation of the problem complete and arrived with answer is incomplete/wrong.
(35pts) the correct answer.
Conclusion (15pts) Concluding remark/s Concluding remark/s has Concluding remark/s do/es Concluding remark/s do/es
summarizes the whole slight missing information. not summarize the not explain any of the
application/s of law/s of application/s of law/s of application/s of law/s of
ventilation engineering ventilation engineering ventilation engineering.
related to the topic.
Assignment
Calculate for the Air Compressor
requirements (flow, Pressure)
D = 125mm
Equipment #1
D F (5000 cfm, 70
psig)
L=1m
L = 40 m
L = 50 m D = 250mm
Compressor
A B
D = 250mm
L=5m
L=1m
D = 250mm Equipment #2
C E (1000 cfm, 75
psig)
D = 75mm
Seatwork
Calculate for the Air Compressor
requirements (flow, Pressure)
D = 125mm
Equipment #1
D F (6000 cfm, 70
psig)
L=2m
L = 60 m
L = 80 m D = 250mm
Compressor
A B
D = 300mm
L = 10 m
L=2m
D = 125mm Equipment #2
C E (2000 cfm, 75
psig)
D = 100mm
Assignment
Calculate for the Exhaust Fan Rating (cfm,
inWg), and Duct sizes. The requirement of
the room is 10 min per air change. having a
dimension of 12m x 38 x 4m
12 m 9m 9m
F
9m 9m 9m
12m
38m
MIDTERM
Calculate for the Air Compressor requirement (flowrate, Pressure)
of each compressors. (Note: 1 compressor is back-up and the
Plant operation is 24/7). Maximum pressure drop across the dryers
is 5psig and across the filters is 3 psig. Round up your answer to a
value divisible by 10 for Pressure.
Equipment #2
Compress (3,000 cfm, 70
or 1 Air psig)
Dryer F
1
Compress Filter 1
or 2
A B C D
Compress Filter 2 Segment Length, m Diameter, mm
or 3 Air AB 50 300
Dryer BC 200 300
E G
2 Equipment #1 CD 100 200 Equipment #3
Compress (2,000 cfm, 70 BE 50 200 (1000 cfm, 75
or 4 psig) CF 50 250 psig)
DG 50 150
Fluid: Air
2
Kinematic Viscosity, mm /s 16.97
Pipe Roughness, μm 15
MIDTERM
Calculate for the Air Compressor requirement (flowrate, Pressure)
of each compressors. (Note: 1 compressor is back-up and the
Plant operation is 24/7). Maximum pressure drop across the dryers
is 6psig and across the filters is 4 psig. Round up your answer to a
value divisible by 10 for Pressure.
Compress Equipment #2
or 1 (3,000 cfm, 70 psig)
Air
Dryer F
1
Compress Filter 1
or 2
A B C D
Compress Filter 2 Segment Length, m Diameter, mm
or 3 Air AB 50 300
Dryer
E BC 200 300 G
2 Equipment #1 Equipment #3
CD 100 200
Compress (2,000 cfm, 70 (1000 cfm, 75
psig) BE 50 200
or 4 psig)
CF 50 250
DG 50 150
Compress
or 5 Fluid: Air
2
Kinematic Viscosity, mm /s 16.97
Pipe Roughness, μm 15
PRESSURE DROP
CALCULATOR
Fan Sizing
Finals
 Pipe Sizing
 Air Changes
Air Change Rate
- Air exchange rate is the rate at which outdoor air

replaces indoor air within a room. It is an essential
parameter to determine the indoor air quality of any
workplace.
- Equals to the Air flow Rate requirement (m3/hr)
divided by the Room Volume (m3)
- Unit is 1/hour
Example
inWg), and Duct sizes. Air-change
requirement of the room per hour is 4.
having a dimension of 10m x 38 x 4m
F
Assignment
inWg), and Duct sizes. The requirement of
the room is 10 min per air change. having a
dimension of 10m x 38 x 4m
F

Ventilation

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Advance

Type of Fans and Blowers  Examination (Written)

Learning Outcomes Required Output/s Due Date

The application/s should be approved by

-is the intentional introduction of ambient air

Make-Up COOLING COILS

supplied into the CLEAN ROOM

Duct system and accessories

c. Variable Fan Size, d

 The purpose of air conditioning ductwork is to

1. Know the air volume in every tool and branch.

NORMALLY USED ON SQUARE ELBOWS IN HVAC

ADJUSTMENTS OF THE VOLUME OF AIRFLOW AND RESISTANCE CAN

A PLENUM BOX IS A JUNCTION THAT JOINS VARIOUS DUCTS OF AN

IS A DEVICE COMPOSED OF FIBROUS OR POROUS MATERIALS

PRODUCTS HAVE BEEN USED TO REDUCE THE TRANSMISSION OF

FLEXIBLE DUCT CONNECTIONS ARE INSTALLED BETWEEN THE AIR

Short 90°Elbow Long 90° 45° Elbow

Rigid Duct Flexible Duct

Short Long 45° Elbow

2,600 2,600 2,300 800

2,600 2,600 2,300 800

4. Determine the static pressure drop in main duct

Tool Tool Tool

4. Determine the static pressure drop in main duct

4. Determine the static pressure drop in main duct

Sptotal = 0.69 “wg SP = 0.04

Tool Tool Tool

Sptotal = 0.99 “wg SP = 0.06

Tool Tool Tool

1. Know the air volume in every tool and branch.

Rigid Duct Flexible Duct

Short Long 45° Elbow

2,600 2,600 2,300 800

2,600 2,600 2,300 800

Tool Tool Tool

4. Determine the static pressure drop in main duct

4. Determine the static pressure drop in main duct

Sptotal = 0.62 “wg Tool Tool Tool

Tool Tool Tool

Tool Tool Tool

Tool Tool Tool

Tool Tool Tool

2600 cfm, 16”

Tool Tool Tool

Tool Tool Tool

Full Flow Elbow (45, 2-piece)

Remark: This basic formula is not economical for higher

Remark: The larger the pipe diameter, the lesser the

For Laminar Flow (Re < 2100):

For Turbulent Flow (Re > 4000):

Pipe Segments Flow,Q, cfm Equipment #1

Parameter Value Remark

If dP < 1.5%, the diameter identified is good to

Pipe Flow,Q, Diameter, Flow Rate per Kinematic Pipe Roughness,

Pipe Flow,Q, Diameter, Flow Rate per Kinematic Pipe Roughness,

The application/s should be approved by the

An oral presentation maybe conducted for

The output should be typewritten, 1.5 space,

- Air exchange rate is the rate at which outdoor air

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