Application of Intelligent Transport System for

Highway Management

Dr.S.Velmurugan
Senior Principal Scientist,
Traffic Engineering & Safety Division,
CSIR - Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi
 Guiding Principles for Introduction of Intelligent
Transport Systems (ITS) Solutions
Management of the transportation system cannot be done without
knowledge of its performance.

Definition of ITS
ITS is the application of computers, communications and sensor technology to surface
transportation. Used effectively, ITS opens the door to new ways of understanding,
operating, expanding, refining, reconfiguring and using the transportation system.
(US. DOT; National Intelligent Transportation Systems Program Plan, A Ten-Year Vision, January 2002)

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 Advanced Traveller
Advanced Traffic
Information Systems
Management
(ATIS)
Systems (ATMS)

Advanced Rural Intelligent Commercial Vehicle

Transportation Transportation Operations (CVO)
Systems (ARTS) Systems (ITS)

Advanced Public Advanced Vehicle

Transportation Electronic Toll Control Systems (AVCS)
Systems (APTS) Collection & Safety
(ETC & S)

7 Functional Areas of ITS Identified by

ITS Architecture of USA
Transportation
System

Data Data Information

Acquisition Communication Processing Communication Distribution

Information ITS Users

Utilization

ITS Information Chain

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Which ITS are
primarily aimed
at road safety?
 Systems that
prevent unsafe
traffic
participation
AlcolockTM
Seatbelt Lock
Smart Cards

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9
Which ITS are
primarily aimed
at road safety?
 Systems that
prevent unsafe
situations or
actions while
driving

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Which ITS are
primarily aimed
at road safety?
 Systems that
reduce injury
severity
 Pre-crash
sensing system
 eCall

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12
Possible side effects of safety ITS
 Diminished attention level.
 Information overload.
 Incorrect interpretation of information.
 Overestimating the system.
 Risk compensation
 Effects on non-users.

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Which other ITS systems can have road safety
consequences?

 Advanced Cruise Control (ACC)

 Navigation Systems
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EXAMPLES OF ITS
APPLICATIONS IN
INDIA

22
 ITS Applications on Public Transport in Delhi
 Passenger Information System: On-board

 To know the bus route and destination

 Delhi government has installed 58 PIS boards on the Bus Queue Shelters
(BQS) while 121 buses have been fitted with the Global Positioning System
(GPS) devices.

 Vehicle Tracking

 For monitoring and control of vehicle schedule & operation

 Traffic Signal Prioritization

 Extends the 'green' or shifts the 'red' to green to enable a faster
pass
 Central Control Room
 For the purpose of collection, processing and dissemination of the
entire data
GPS - Passenger Information
Step-by-step System (PIS) on BRT Corridor
process flow

Step 1:
Every bus discovers and communicate with
several satellites (min 4) on a real-time basis to
Satellite
determine its own location

GPS GPS GPS

Bus Bus
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Bus 24
GPS - Step-by-step process flow

Step 2:
Satellites

Buses uses location data to predict the on-

coming bus station and display it on PIS
internal display

Bus

Intelligent
GPS system

Internal display

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GPS - Step-by-step process flow

Step 3:

Every bus relays the location information to

the central server at the service center
which will in turn perform several key • Keep a track of
functions distance travelled by
each bus
• Inform passengers of
bus schedules
Bus
• Keep track of which
bus needs to be
Bus speeded up (to
manage bus
frequency)**
Bus
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GPS - Step-by-step process flow
Step 4:

Central server communicates to the bus stop / station

LED display and pre-customized reports can be
generated at the service center.

Displays the expected

arrival of buses at bus
stations
Generates - Actual Trip
Report, Extra Trip
Report,
Missed Bus stop Report
etc
Instructions to bus driver to go
slow, speed up or maintain their
Bus
speed
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Passenger Information System (PIS) on BRT Corridor (Contd…)
Automatic Vehicle
Location

SIGNAL PRIORITY
Passenger Information System (PIS) on BRT Corridor (Contd…)

...Traffic and Transit Management

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 Benefits of the Passenger Information
System (PIS) on BRT Corridor

 The purpose of providing such a facility is to reduce

the waiting anxiety of the commuters and allow
them to plan their journey in advance.
 Also since it increases the reliability of the bus
service, it is also hoped that it would attract more
people to travel by buses.

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 Intelligent Traffic Signals

 Intelligent Traffic Signals which otherwise can be termed as traffic signals

with brains.

 They take a volume count of the number of vehicles at an intersection and

automatically adjust the available green signal time on the basis of
changing traffic demand.

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 Intelligent Traffic Signals (Contd…)

Transit Priority at
Intersection

Use of ITS to achieve Signal Priority for

Emergency Vehicles

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 Video Based Incident Detection System (VIDS) - Pilot Project

Objectives:
To install and study the efficacy of incident detection system for monitoring congestion and route
diversion on National Highways / major urban arteries.
Variable Message Signs (VMS) for giving advance information to motorists and improving safety
and reducing congestion.

Field Setup Control Room Setup

 Video Based Traffic Data Collection
Principle of virtual loops.
 The vehicles falling under the configured area of
the image gets detected.
Creating or Loading the Configuration
Vehicle Count using Video System
The detection of vehicle gets
highlighted by the change in
color of the virtual loop
 A Glimpse of the Incidents detected using
Video Based System on NH-2: Detection of Congested
Condition due to Slow Down
A Glimpse of the Incidents detected using Video Based
System on NH-2: Detection of Wrong Direction Vehicles
 Detection of
Stopped Vehicles
Under Congested
Flow

Fluid Flow
A Glimpse of the Incidents detected using Video Based
System on NH-2: Detection of Stopped Vehicles
VIDS (Contd..)

Principle of Virtual Loops

 The vehicles falling under the
configured area of the image gets
detected.
Major Inference
Typical Display of
 The system performed up to a level
Variable Message
of 85 % accuracy for incident
Signs (VMS)
detection for the observed
heterogeneous traffic mix on NH-2.

The detection of vehicle gets

highlighted by the change in
color of the virtual loop.
Incident Detection

41
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41
Summary of Results

Type of Camera and Lane Average Percentage Regression

Details Error Value

Camera 1 (Lanes 1,2,3) 13.281 0.843

Camera1 (Lanes 4,5,6) 12.892 0.761

Camera 2 (Lanes 1,2,3) 13.897 0.898

Camera 3 (Lanes 1,2,3) 12.280 0.840

Camera 3 (Lanes 4,5,6) 10.110 0.825

Camera 4 (Lanes 1,2,3) 8.920 0.960

Salient Features of the
Palika Underground Parking
To facilitate the shop-owners, customers and visitors
to the adjoining area of Connaught Place, NDMC has
provided parking lot, near Palika Bazaar.
The entry to Palika Parking is from Janpath & Baba
Kharak Singh Marg.
Parking lot opens from 8 am to 10 pm.
On an average, 2000 - 2200 vehicles were reported to
be using this parking facility daily.
Out of daily parkers, around 1200 are permanent /
monthly parkers.
At present, three Parking levels, consisting of one
ground level parking and two basement levels (i.e.
Levels I and II) is provided to accommodate about 1600
vehicles (1050 Cars and 500 Two-wheelers) at any point
of time.
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SYSTEM
BLOCK
DAIGRAM
Location of Lot VMS Boards

1) In front of Palika Underground parking - (Gantry Mounted)

2) Jantar Mantar-Sansad Marg T-Point: (Shoulder Mounted)
3) Near Kasturba Gandhi - Connaught Place T-Point :in front
of DTC office - (Shoulder Mounted)
4) Janpath - Connaught Place T-Point: - (Shoulder Mounted)
5) State Entry Plaza T-point - (Shoulder Mounted)
Study Area
Description

Palika Parking
 GROUND LEVEL

BASEMENT LEVEL 1

BASEMENT LEVEL 2

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PARKING

 LANE
CONFIGURATION

AFTER
INSTALLATION OF
APMS

BEFORE
INSTALLATION OF
APMS
 Parking Charges
Duration in Hrs Parking Charges Parking Charges
For 4 W For 2 W
0- 4 hrs Rs.10 Rs 5
4-8 hrs Rs 5 /hr Rs 15
For Visitor / 8 - 14 hrs
Casual parkers Max up to. 10 PM Rs 5 /hr Rs 25
(Parking Day
End)
For Permanent / From 08.00 Am
Rs500 /Month Rs 300/Month
Monthly parkers To 10.00 PM
For Special From 08.00 Am
parkers (Palika To 10.00 PM Rs 150/Month Rs 100/Month
Bazaar Shop
Keeper)
Penalty Penalty of Rs 5/Hour is charged after 10.PM (Parking
Day End). This is till the time of Exit. Applicable to all
above parkers & vehicle categories
 Number of Vehicles Parked at Palika Parking ‘Before’
and ‘After’ the installation of APMS

95
December, 06
Number of Vehicles Parked

14.9 % Increase January, '07

(in thousands )

85

March, '07
November, '06
August, '06
September, '06 April, '07
75
October, '06
May, '06
February, '07
July, '06
June, '06
65
Month of the Year
Before APMS After APMS
 Quantum of Transactions at Palika Parking ‘Before’
and ‘After’ the installation of APMS

12 December, 06

10
Transactions Details

September, '06 January, '07

August, '06 November, '06 March, '07
(in Rs. Lakhs )

8 October, '06
May, '06 April, '07
February, '07
July, '06
June, '06
6
21.5 % Increase

0
Month of the Year
Before APMS After APMS
 Approach to the Study

Data Collection

Primary Data Secondary Data

Number of Vehicles Transaction Expenditure Maintenance Costs

Parked Details Costs

Evaluation of Parking Projection of Projection

Characteristics Parking Trends

Economic Visibility of APMS

BAU Projection of Trends Sensitivity Analysis

with Cost escalation

Economic Viability considering

Revenue Increase & Cost Increase
 Projection of the
Business As Usual (BAU) (in Rs.) Net Benefits (in Rs.)
present Trends (in Rs.)
Year Capital Projection of
Maintenance Maintenance
Cost of Revenue Revenue BAU the present
Cost Cost
APMS trend
2007 8787627 7576278 9902872 7576278 9902872 -6461033 -6461033
2008 7576278 9902872 7773335 10350210 2326594 2576875
2009 7576278 9902872 7971769 10617552 2326594 2645784
2010 7576278 9902872 8171621 10811025 2326594 2639404
2011 7576278 9902872 8372934 10963597 2326594 2590663
2012 7576278 9902872 8575752 11090018 2326594 2514266
2013 7576278 9902872 8780120 11198208 2326594 2418088
2014 7576278 9902872 8986084 11292929 2326594 2306846
2015 7576278 9902872 9193692 11377276 2326594 2183584
2016 7576278 9902872 9554150 11453375 2326594 1899225
2017 7576278 9902872 9916353 11522753 2326594 1606400
2018 7576278 9902872 10280353 11586545 2326594 1306192
2019 7576278 9902872 10646203 11645616 2326594 999413
2020 7576278 9902872 11013960 11700643 2326594 686684
2021 7576278 9902872 11383679 11752167 2326594 368488
Assessment of EIRR due to APMS considering
BAU & Projection of present trends EIRR= 35.50% 38.11%
 Sensitivity Analysis

S. Resulting EIRR
Parameter Nature of variation
No (in%)
Increase in 2% 34.7 %
Number of Vehicles
1 Increase in 3% 39.7%
entering Palika parking
Increase in 5% 46.9%

Increase in Cost of
Cost Increase by 5% 22.3%
2 Maintenance due to Cost Increase by 10% 15.4 %
Inflation
Cost Increase by 15% 8%
Q
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The Indian Express News Item dated 11.12.06

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Concluding Remarks
 APMS has ensured 16 % increase in parkers and
27 % increase in revenue

 Increase in usage due to the display through VMS

 Increase in revenue due to the fool proof control

 Economic viability analysis yields encouraging

EIRR results

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