APLASTIC ANEMIA

• Aplastic anemia is a disease in which

the body fails to produce blood cells in
sufficient numbers
DEFINITION
• Aplastic anemia causes deficiency of all
blood cell types: red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets
 CONGENITAL
APLASTIC ANEMIA
(FANCONI
SYNDROME)
TYPES
ACQUIRED
APLASTIC
ANEMIA
 • It is a rare disease passed down through
CONGENITAL
families (inherited) that mainly affects
APLASTIC the bone marrow
ANEMIA
• Fanconi anemia is the most common
inherited form of aplastic anemia
 • A decrease in bone marrow
production, which occurs if a child is
ACQUIRED excessively exposed to radiation, drugs,
APLASTIC
ANEMIA
chemotherapeutic drugs, insecticides
• Acquired aplastic anemia can begin at
any time in life
 • Radiation and chemotherapy treatments
• Exposure to toxic chemicals (pesticides
and insecticides, and benzene)
• NSAIDs
CAUSES
• An autoimmune disorder
• A viral infection (hepatitis, Epstein-Barr,
cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19 and HIV)
• Pregnancy (rare)
 SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS

• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Tachycardia
• Cyanosis
• Pallor
• Dizziness
 Immunosuppressive therapy

Blood transfusions

MANAGEMENT Androgen therapy

Hematopoietic stem cell tanspantation

Bone marrow transplant

 • TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING
BLEEDING WITH
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
NURSING
C ARE
PLANNING
TO - Suggest stimulating but quiet activities
EMPOWER A - Check toys for sharp corners
FAMILY
- Assess that the child is using a soft
toothbrush and is offered foods that
can be chewed without irritation
 • Minimize the use of adhesive tape to
the skin
• Pad side and crib rails to prevent
CONT. bruising
• Protect IV site to avoid numerous
reinsertions
THANK YOU!