READING

COMPREHE
NSION SKILL
 SKIMMING

WHAT IS SKIMMING
refers to the process of reading only main ideas within a
passage to get an overall impression of the content of a
reading selection
An example of this is when we read the title of a
newspaper to know what happens everyday
 Read
* Read the
summary orthe title.
last paragraph.
* Read the
introduction or
the first
paragraph
Notice any
italicized or
boldface words
or phrases. HOW TO
SKIMMING
* Read the first
sentence of
every other
paragraph.
Notice any
pictures,
charts, or
graphs. Read any
headings and
sub-headings.
 SCANNING

WHAT IS SCANNING
Scanning is a reading technique to be used
when you want to find specific information
quickly
In scanning you have a question in your mind
and you read a passage only to find the
answer, ignoring unrelated information.
 State the
specific
information you
are looking for.
Selectively read
and skip
through sections
of the passage

HOW TO SCANNING
Try to anticipate how
the answer will appear
and what clues you
might use to help you
locate the answer

* Use headings and any

other aids that will help
you identify which
sections might contain
the information you are
looking for.
MAIN IDEA

- Every story or paragraph has a main idea.

- The main idea tells you what the story is
about.
- The main idea maybe the lesson learned
or moral of a story.
- The main idea is the most important part
of a story or paragraph.
 SUPPORTING
IDEAS

The supporting details are

the things that describe the
main idea.
These supporting details
make the main idea
stronger
 MAIN IDEA
• Acid rain not only occur via natural sources but mainly from the release of sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide during fossil fuel combustion.
• The gases responsible for acid deposition are normally a byproduct of electric
power generation and burning of coal
• Although discovered in 1800s, acid deposition did not gain significant public
attention until 1960s and the term acid rain was coined in 1972.
• Aquatic setting are the most clearly impacted by acid deposition because acidic
precipitation falls directly into them.
• As this acidic liquid flows into larger bodies of water, it is diluted but over time,
acid can accrue and lower the overall pH of the body.
• Acid deposition also causes clay soils to release aluminium and magnesium futher
lowering the pH in some areas.
• Acid deposition can significantly impact forest.
• Acid falling on forest’s soil is also harmful because it disrupts soil nutrient, kills
microorganism in soil and cause calcium deficiency.
• Trees at high altitudes also susceptible to problems induced by acidic cloud cover
as the moisture in the clouds blankets them.
• Damage to forest by acid rain is seen all over the world, but most advance cases
are in Eastern Europe.
• Acid deposition also has impact on architecture and art because of it ability to
corrode certain materials.
• Acid deposition also corrode modern building.
 SUPPORTING IDEA
• When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide discharge into atmosphere, they react with
water, oxigen and other gases forming sulfuric acid, ammonium nitrate and nitric
acid
• These acids then disperse over large areas because of wind pattern
• Acid deposition begin entering the atmosphere during Industrial Revolution and
was first discovered by a Scottish chemist, Robert Angus Smith in 1852.
• Public attention increase in the 1970s when New York Times published reports
about problem occuring in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest.
• Both dry and wet deposition run off of forests, fields, and roads and flows into
lakes, rivers and streaanms.
• If the pH of a lake drops below 4.8, its plants and animal risk death and it is
estimated that around 50,000 lakes in United States and Canada have a pH below
normal.
• When acid rain falls on trees, it can make them lose their leaves, damaged their
bark and stunt their growth.
• It make them vurnerable to disease, extreme weather, and insect.
• As acid lands on buildings, it reacts with minerals in the stones causing it to
disintegrate and wash away.