THE EUROPEAN FILM

IMPORT
Lumiere brothers’ cinematographe
film camera and projector invention
made its way to Philippines shores via
the efforts of a Spanish soldier named
Carlo Naquera.
Carlo Naquera

He brought several Spanish- language short films

and showed them to select audiences during
1897.

He ran out of short films, he brought the

cinematographe around and shot local scenes
then showed them as a brief documentaries.
Filipinos’ undying love
love for this art form.
 1900s

With the advent of another period of colonial

history in the country – the American period –
short films from America were soon imported
and shown in the early theaters in Manila,
particularly those located around Escolta and
Intramuros.
 1800s and 1900s

Film- watching became a

popular form of entertainment.
 1919

Dalagang Bukid by Jose Nepomuceno

Very first Filipino-produced film

Dalagang Bukid

 Movie adaptation of a popular musical stage

play created by Hermogenes Hagan starring the
popular singer- stage actress who originated the
role, Atang Dela Rama.
 Jose Nepumoceno

Father of Philippine Cinema

Because of such early artistic

evidence, the Philippines is
hailed as having developed
one of the earliest film
industries in the Asian region.
 Spanish Period
Filipinos who didn’t understand the
language of the movie didn’t find it a
hindrance to appreciate the imagery and
the music that accompanied the screening.
Film a universal and powerful
medium of information and
communication dissemination.
American Period
American mandated Filipinos to learn
American language and culture.
Embraced Hollywood Film
Filipino sometimes joke that we were
under “400 years Catholicism and 50
years of Hollywood”
Japanese Colonial Period
 Film is a viable form of mass media communication.
 Japanese led the propaganda films

Dawn of Freedom (1944) – which highlighted the

World War II aim of the Japanese to have an “Asia for
the Asians”
- co- directed by another pioneer of Philippine Cinema,
Gerardo de Leon and starred by Fernando Poe Sr. plus
other Japanese and Filipino actors.
 Golden Age of Philippine Cinema
From the rubble of destruction , the Filipino film industry
was able to rise.
1950s onward, Filipino found their culture being
represented more in the big screen and some films even
garnered honors.
1952, Manuel Conde, was the first to bring an Asian film at
the prestigious international film festivals in Venice ( Italy)
and Cannes (France) with his film Genghis Khan.
- Hollywood was inspired to make their own version,
starring famous western actor John Wayne.
“Big Four” film production

Dominated the entertainment industry

with homegrown classics.
Produced many classic films.
1960s, forced this studios to close down
one by one as smaller independent film
production studios started emerging.
 During Marcos dictatorship

Film was one of the most heavily censored media

during those times, with filmmakers even changing the
titles of their films if President Marcos or the First Lady
Imelda Marcos found them offensive.

This era produced a batch of the most artistic and

thought- provoking films that somehow dared to show
the real state of the Philippines and highlighted the
drive of the Filipino people to be free from their daily
struggles.
 During Marcos dicatatorship

Lino Brocka and

Ishmael Bernal –
influential filmmakers.
National Artists for Film
After EDSA REVOLUTION (1986)

Philippine film industry became freer again.

The most notable of this batch is Lily
Monteverde’s Regal Films followed by another
family-ran business Viva Films.
1990s ABS-CBN started their own film production
company, Star Cinema.
2000s GMA-7 – GMA Films.
THE BROADCAST
INDUSTRY
Started with the introduction of the
telegraph and telephone system.

1800s

British company Eastern Extension was

granted permission to place submarine
telegraph cables from Hong Kong to
Manila via the province of Bolinao in
Pangasinan.
 1890

Thus, the first telephone system of the country

began its operations.

1900s
 American took over colonial rule, they also took
over the operations of these telephone and
telegraph systems until they handed it to the
local colonial government.
 1920s

Early radio broadcast experiments

began.
Americans were primarily
pivotal in bringing the
broadcast industry to the
Philippines.
Henry Herman

American businessman
First operated a small radio station in 1922
to serve as a product demonstration
media for his business called the Electrical
Supply Company.
1924, he upgraded it to KZKZ.
 1939

DZRH, oldest radio station that still exists today

which first broadcast as KZRH.

It was connected to the H.E. Heacock

Company, a popular department store whose
Manila branch was owned by him. Samuel
Gaches.
The popular phonograph records came to
the shores of the country and made it to
the listening public via radio.
American English and slang, via the
American- originated canned programs,
were being picked up by Filipinos, bringing
American cultured closer to the country.
Local talents who could sing , do comedy
skits and radio drama.
Advertising also became a huge
enterprise.
During Japanese occupation

Radio was used by the colonizers for their

propaganda purposes.
The popular radio stations closed
operated with a limited capacity under
the watchful eye of the Japanese.
 Radio has educational
purposes.

Philippine Broadcast System (PBS)

- Started with several informational

programs geared to educate farmers.
 Francis “Koko” Trinidad

Father of Philippine radio.

Oversaw and developed this type of
distance learning system wherein
instructional programs were aired over the
radio for the benefit of classroom listening-
learning all over the nation.
 “Koko”

General manager of PBS from 1947- 1970

He produced and pioneered radio
programs similar to what the British
Broadcast Corporation (BBC) was doing
with their public service and education-
oriented shows in England.
 James Lindenberg

Television came into picture through him.

Established Bolinao Electronics Corporation ( BEC) in
1946.
1950, Philippine congress granted the license for his
perceived television station.
But he was hampered by various costs and other
import rulings that he ended up abandoning his
television dream.
It was Judge Antonio Quirino who continued his
dream.
 Judge Quirino
 He went to Lindenberg and bought majority of the
stocks of his BEC station.
 He renamed BEC to Alto Broadcasting System (ABS).
 He was connected with Radio Corporation of America
(RCA), the leading broadcast company in the U.S.
 RCA helped Judge Quirino in establishing DZAQ-TV
Channel 3.

DZAQ-TV

Aired the very first television broadcast in 1953.

Quirino ran ABS until businessmen Eugenio
and Fernando Lopez, who owned the
Manila Electric Company, showed signs of
wanting to acquire the television station.
The Lopezes

Ran media companies since they bought one of

the leading newspapers after the war entitled
The Manila Chronicle.
They also established their radio company
Chronicle Broadcasting Network in 1956.
With their purchase of ABS, the merger ABS-CBN
began, which is today’s one of the top media
corporation in the country.
The Roces Family

Manila times publishing business fame

Went to television by establishing DZTM- TV
Channel 5 in 1962.
Robert “Uncle Bob” Stewart

Established DZBB- TV Channel 7 owned by

his Republic Broadcasting System (RBS),
later to be renamed as Greater Manila
Area Radio Television Arts (GMA-7) during
the Marcos dictatorship.
Fr. James Reuter

A Jesuit teacher
Was pivotal in bringing a locally – made
stage play and aired it live on television.
He went on to stage other literacy classics
for television with his students.
Another characteristic of the early
broadcast industry was the
simultaneous airing of programs on
television and in the radio.
Ex.
Tawag ng Tanghalan- singing contest
Kuwentong Kutsero- satirical drama
show
Similar to press history, Philippine broadcast
industry was put to a halt by the dictatorship of
Marcos.
Marcos imprisoned the head of ABS-CBN at that
time, Eugenio Lopez Jr.
As well as hunted down media practitioners who
were actively speaking out against him and his
dictatorship.
Media freedom truly suffered a blow during the
dictatorship.
Media, especially the broadcast
media, was also pivotal in gaining
back the freedom denied the Filipino
people by Marcos.
1986 People Power EDSA Revolution
successfully urged the Filipino people
to culminate in EDSA and stand
against the dictatorship.
Cardinal Sin went live on air at Radio Veritas and
asked people to support the military leaders who
were already defecting the Marcos side.
As a result, government troops tried to knock down
the radio stations transmitter.
But they have emergency transmitter that’s why
broadcaster continue.
They broadcast “Radyo Bandido” and it was
spearheaded by broadcast journalists Juner Keithley
and Angelo Castro, Jr.
 TODAY . .

 Broadcast industry is one of the leading sources of mainstream

mass media products and services in the country.
 With two top stations ABS-CBN channel 2 and GMA-7 continuing
their original mandates of serving and entertaining the Filipino
public.
 Radio still enjoys a healthy existence, catering more to the masses
and the music-listening public with public affairs programs and pop
music stations popular all over the country.
 Cabel television is also enjoying a healthy subscription, providing
Filipinos more access to Asia and worldwide- produced television
programs.