INTELLIGENT FOOTBOARD

ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM

IN BUSES

Presented by:

A.KARTHIKEYAN 731814115020
M.MANOPRIYAN 731814115024
SA .SAPTHARISHI 731814115038
K.BENISH 731814115501

Guided By
T.GANESAN M.E.,
Assistant Professor /MECHATRONICS
 CONTENTS

• ABSTRACT
• INTRODUCTION
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• OBJECTIVES
• METHODOLOGY
• COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
• WORKING PRICIPLE
• BLOCK DIAGRAM
• OPERATION
• ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
• CONCLUSION AND FUTURESCOPE
 ABSTRACT

• The Intelligent Footboard Accident Prevention System in buses is the system

developed with an aim to prevent the footboard accidents in buses.

• Even though there as buses with Automatic doors, the negligence of both drivers
and passengers often results in tragedy.

• We designed this system in such a way that the whole system is quite modular so
that we can easily add extra features such as tamper-proofing, extending the system
with retarder etc.”
 INTRODUCTION

• Intelligent Footboard Accident Prevention System is an Automated Accident

Prevention system to prevent the accidents occurring due to footboard travelling in buses.

• A major portion of the population depends upon the public transport system
especially buses for their daily commute and large number of accidents take place
almost every day.

• Every year a large number of passengers die due to accidents caused by footboard
travelling in buses.

• The negligence of either driver or passenger can result in a tragedy. So by developing

an intelligent system in buses the passenger safety is assured
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• “The Intelligent Footboard Accident Prevention System in Buses” Kalivarathan
(2014), developed an intelligent footboard accident prevention system using the passive
infrared sensor for detecting the passengers on the footboard. Once the presence of
passengers is detected on the footboard, retarder and accelerator disengaging mechanism
are powered and the bus is made to slow down to rest. The deceleration of the bus causes
traffic problems and discomfort to drivers as well as passengers. The installation
procedure of the above system is very complex and the cost is also high.

• “Footboard Accident Control by Using Microcontroller” Lu (2012), developed a

device for recording the number of boarding passengers in the bus at each stop by
ultrasonic detector. The ultrasonic detector consists of an ultrasonic transmitter and an
ultrasonic receiver, which is connected to the signal processing circuit through an
analog-digital converter. However, this system only records the number of passengers in
the bus and does not prevent overcrowding in the bus. It also does not prevent footboard
accidents in buses.
 OBJECTIVES

The main objectives of this project is for,

• Ensuring the safety of the passengers who travel on the buses.

• Avoiding the unnecessary foot board accidents caused while travelling in the
buses.

• Providing cost efficient system to the government vehicles

• Can also be implemented on both the urban and rural areas.

• Can also be used on door less buses

• For reducing road accidents

• Providing safe drives while travelling.

 METHODOLOGY

Aim

Design & modification

Components required

Construction of main frame

Attachment of motor

Attachment of sensors

Final assembly
 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
1.TRANSFORMER

• The transformer will step down power supply voltage(0-230V)to(0-5V) level.

Then the secondary of the potential transformer will be connected to the precision
rectifier, which is constructed with the help of op–amp.

• The advantages of using precision rectifier are it will give peak voltage
output as DC; rest of the circuits will give only RMS output. The below Fig 5.1
shows that the typical transformer.
2.Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. In modern
terminology, it is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a system on a chip; a may
include a microcontroller as one of its components. Program memory in the form of
Ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as
a small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled
products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical
devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other
embedded systems. The below Fig 5.13 shows that the typical Microcontroller
3.IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS

• A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant

voltage level. A voltage regulator may use a simple feed-forward design or may
include negative feedback. It may use an electro mechanism, or electronic
components .

• IC units provide regulation of either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative

voltage, or an adjustable set voltage. The regulators can be selected for operation
with load currents from hundreds of mill amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding
to power ratings from mill watts to tens of watts. The below Fig 5.3 shows that the
typical Voltage Regulator
4. IR SENSOR

• We have used IR sensor for detect the objects. Infrared transmitter is one type of
LED which emits infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly IR
Receiver is used to receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter.

• We have used IR sensor for detect the objects. Infrared transmitter is one type of
LED which emits infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly IR
Receiver (photo diode) is used to receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR
transmitter.
5. DC MOTOR

• A DC motor is an AC synchronous electric motor that from a Modelling

perspective looks very similar to a DC motor. Sometimes the difference is
explained as an electronically-controlled commutation system, instead of a
mechanical commutation system, although this is misleading, as physically the two
motors are completely different The below Fig 5.7 shows that the typical DC Motor
6.RELAY

• A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another
electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to
open or close one or many sets of contacts. It was invented by Joseph Henry in
1835. Because a relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the
input circuit, it can be considered to be, in a broad sense, a form of an electrical
amplifier. The below Fig 5.9 shows that the typical relay unit.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

• This system will be more effective on local door less buses, in which accidents are
occurring due to the footboard travelling of such rugged attitude travels.

• This system enables the safety of such travelers from which it cuts down the supply
given to the DC motor which in turn affects the gear , as it locks it down.

• A fine IR sensor has been enabled on the steps which indicates the presence of a
passenger, from which both the driver(s) and the conductor(s) have been noticed and
furthermore actions are taken
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER
RELAY &DRIVER
SUPPLY UNIT
UNIT

PIC MICRO
CONTROLLER
(PIC 16F877A)

MOTOR
IR MODULE CONTROL
 OPERATION
• The device is equipped with various components which includes IR sensor, Relay
unit, Microcontroller kit, Regulator, DC motor

• As mentioned on above cases the IR sensor has been placed on the steps, so that it
senses a deflection and sends back to the Microcontroller kit

• This Microcontroller then sends signal to the relay unit present in it.

• This relay circuit is connected with the DC motor and it cuts down the power which
circulates through the DC motor and makes the system as a open circuit.

• Since the DC motor has been in contact with the gear, due to relay connection the
gear motor has been terminated.so that it prevents the driver from activating the
gear supply in the bus
 ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

ADVANTAGES

• Easy of maintenance.

• Low power source required.

• Simpler in construction.

• This system mechanism is cost efficient

APPLICATIONS

• It can be used in all type of buses.

• It can be used in all the foot related applications.

• This system can also be used in train related applications

 CONCLUSION AND FUTURESCOPE

• The Intelligent Footboard Accident Prevention System is definitely a

promising system that assures the safety of bus passengers and ensure a very safe
and comfortable journey. The system is designed in such a manner that the system
can be easily installed on buses and affordable.

• According to the survey, many accident are occurring due to the foot board
travelling of passengers in buses, so that a new technology has been developed to
stop this carelessness of passengers, this has a scope of stopping people getting in
unnecessary accident while on travelling in buses.