MEENAKSHI

RAMASWAMY
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
BATCH MEMBERS

812720114005 – A. SOWNTHAR
812720114359 - P. MANIKANDAN
812720114431 - R. VINOTH
812720114434 – P. YOUVA RAJ

Guided by
Mr. V. SATHISHKUMAR , HOD / MECH
 TABIC NAME

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HUMAN WASTE

AND MATERIAL COLLECTOR IN RAILWAY
TRACKS
 ABSTRACT
• The Indian railways is growing at a healthy rate and the government is taking
initiatives to become the third largest railway market in the next five year.
• However there exists a growing concern over the waste disposal and
management system adopted, calling for an immediate solution.
• With a major section of our Indian Railways relying on manual scavenging as a
current solution, advances in Robotics and automation cells.
• railway track cleaning bot makes use of specially designed retractable wheels,
an optimized height adjustable sweeper roller, chlorination unit, bot retracting
mechanism and GPS-GSM module interfaced via AT commands.
• The problem was approached by kinematic and dynamic modelling along with
the required static structural analysis of the bot.
 INTRODUCTION
• This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as
replacement of manual effort by mechanical power in all degrees of
automation.
• The operation remains an essential part of the system although with
changing demands on physical input as the degree of mechanization
is increased
• Degrees of automation are of two types,
1.Full automation
2.Semi automation
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Block diagram consist of following three parts.

1. SENSOR
2. TRANSMITTER

3.RECIVER
DESIGN OF THE PROJECT
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. MOTOR
2 . SENSOR
3 . BATTERY
4 . RELAY DRIVE
5 . BUZZER
6. VOTAGE REGULATOR
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. MOTOR : -
An electric motor converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through
interacting magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors
to generate force, although electrostatic motors use
electrostatic forces.
2. BATTERY :-
• a battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical
cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.
• There are two types of batteries: primary batteries (disposable
batteries), which are designed to be used once and discarded,
and secondary batteries (rechargeable batteries), which are designed
to be recharged and used multiple times.
 3 . SENSOR :-
• A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a
signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.
A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by
a voltmeter. For accuracy, most sensors are calibrated against known standards.

4. RELAY DRIVE :-
• A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use
an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but
other operating principles are also used.
• Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-
power signal.
5.BUZZER :-
• A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or electronic. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include
alarms, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke.
• Early devices were based on an electromechanical system identical to an
electric bell without the metal gong.
6.VOLTAGE REGULATOR :-
• Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or
variable output voltages. The maximum current they can pass also rates them.
• Negative voltage regulators are available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most
regulators include some automatic protection from excessive current (over
load protection) and overheating (thermal protection).
 WORKING PRINCIPAL
• The railway cleaning bot proposed consists of a height adjustable sweeping
mechanism, retractable wheels, chlorination unit, train alarming unit and a
scissor lift mechanism.
• The robot which runs on the track its retractable wheels collects wastes lying
within the track using a height adjustable roller brush while the chlorination
unit pours disinfectant onto the swept path.
• Chlorination unit is attached to the back of the bot to apply the chlorine bleach
in swept path at intervals.
• the retractable wheel mechanism folds itself to drop within the railway tracks.
• Once the train passes over, the scissor lift mechanism will bring back the bot to
the tracks.
 DESCRIPTION
• These voltage regulators are monolithic circuit integrated circuit
designed as fixed voltage regulators for a wide variety of applications
including local, on card regulation.
• These regulators employ internal current limiting, thermal shutdown,
and safe-area compensation. With adequate heat sinking they can
deliver output current in excess of 1.0 A.
• Although designed primarily as a fixed voltage regulator, these
devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable
voltage and current.
FEATURES
• Output current in Excess of 1.0 A.

• No external component required .

• Internal thermal overload protection.

• Internal short circuit current limiting.

• Output transistor safe-area compensation.

ADVANTAGES

• The auto crack detection method is more efficient in the technical field.
• Quick response is achieved.
• Simple in construction.
• Easy to maintain and repair.
• Cost of the unit is less when compared to other.
• No fire hazard problem due to over loading.
• Continuous operation is possible without stopping.
LIMITATIONS
• The signal transmission is bellow 50 feet.
• The vehicle operated in battery power, so rechargable battery is used
to drive the vehicle.

APPLICATION
• Automatic crack checking.
• Cordless identification to the station master.
 CONCLUSION
• This proposed mechanism forms a complete system for an
autonomous track cleaning bot, ensuring higher overall hygienic levels
for railways subject if implemented on a large scale.
• Given its autonomous means of operation, along with its enabled GPS
module, ensures minimum human intervention into the process.
• The current system is designed to function on the operating track
with the sweeping area confined between the tracks.
• Additionally, the bot could be attached with a proper railway track
crack detection system reducing the human labour and accelerating
the inspection process.
 REFARANCE
[1]Avinash Vanimireddy, D.Aruna Kumasi, Automatic Broken Track Detection
Using LED-LDR Assembly, International Journal of Engineering Trends and
Technology (IJETT) Vol. 4, Issue 7-July 2013.
[2]M. Kalaimathi, P. Ilakya & E. Sathiavathy, Innovative Railway Track Surveying
with Sensors and Controlled by Wireless Communication, ISSN (Print) : 2278-
8948, Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2013.
[3]S. Ramesh, S. Gobinathan, Railway Faults Tolerance Techniques using
Wireless Sensor Networks, International Journal of electronics &
communication technology -Vol. 3, Issue 1, Jan.-March 2012.
[4]Shaik Sulthan Basha K Balakrishna. Robust railway crack detection theme
(RRCDS) using LED-LDR assembly, International Journal of Reviews on Recent
Electronics and Computer Science, August 2013/Vol. 1/Issue 4/425-429, ISSN
2321-5461.
THANK YOU