CHILDREN WITH

CARDIOVASCULAR
DISORDER
Christian Daryl Pablo
Recall
Heart—acts as a pump
Blood—provides the fluid and cells for transport of oxygen and nutrients
Blood Vessels—provides the means and routes for transport throughout the body
Diagnostic Tests

■ Electrocardiogram
■ Xray
■ Echocardiography
■ Phonocardiograph and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
■ Exercise Testing
 Congenital Heart Disease
 Acyanotic Heart Disease—Heart or Circulatory anomalies that involve a stricture to the flow of
blood or SHUNT that moves blood from the arterial to the venous system
(Oxygenated to unoxygenated blood, or left-to-right shunts)

 Cyanotic Heart Disease—Blood is shunted from the venous to the arterial system
(deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood, or right-to-left shunts)
Acyanotic Heart Disease Cyanotic Heart Disease

■ Ventricular Septal Defect ■ Transposition of the great arteries

■ Atrial Septal Defect ■ Total Anomalous Pulmonary venous
return
■ Atrioventricular Canal Defect
■ Truncus Arteriosus
■ Patent Ductus Arteriosus
■ Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
■ Pulmonary Stenosis
■ Tricuspid Atresia
■ Aortic Stenosis
■ Tetralogy of fallot
■ Coarctation of the Aorta
Congestive Heart Failure

■ Also called CONGESIVE CARDIAC FAILURE (CCF)

■ A condition that impairs the ability of the heart to pump as well as it should

■ CHF results when the myocardium of the heart cannot pump and circulate enough
blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to body cells.
Signs & Symptoms
Therapeutic Management
■ DRUG THERAPY
■ DIGITALIS (DIGOXIN)
– INCREASE CONTRACTILITY OF THE MYOCARDIUM
– TOXICITY SYMPTOMS—ANOREXIA, NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIZZINESS, DIARRHEA,
HEADACHE, AND ARRYTHMIA
■ DIURETICS (FUROSEMIDE(LASIX))
– DECREASE TOTAL BODY WATER AND INCREASE URINE OUTPUT
– MONITOR URINE OUTPUT AND SERUM ELECTROLYTE LEVELS, INCLUDING
POTASSIUM LEVEL
ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE

■ RHEUMATIC FEVER
– An autoimmune disease that occurs as a
reaction to a group A beta-hemolytic
streptococcal infection.

– It occurs most often in children ages 6 to 15,

with a peak incidence at 8 years of age.
Major Manifestations of Rheumatic Fever
1. Carditis
2. Subcutaneous Modules
3. Erythema Marginatum
4. Polyarthritis
5. Chorea
MINOR MANIFESTATIONS
1. Fever
2. Arthralgia
3. Prolonged P-R interval
4. Elevated sedimentation rate; C-reactive protein, leukocytosis
Treatment
Infection
■ Penicillin Therapy or a Single intramuscular injection of BENZATHINE PENICILLINE
Inflammation and Joint Pain
■ Oral Ibuprofen or Corticosteroids—possible side effects includes hirsutism, a round
moon face (cushing’s syndrome), and an increased susceptibility to infection
Chorea
■ Phenobarbital and diazepam
Heart Failure
■ Digoxin and Diuretics
Kawasaki Disease
■ A febrile, multisystem disorder that occurs almost exclusively in children before the
age of puberty
■ Peak incidence is in boys under 4 years of age
Treatment
Inflammation
■ Aspirin or Ibuprofen
Specific for Kawasaki Disease
■ Abciximab—a platelet receptor inhibitor
To reduce immune response
■ IV immune globulin
Contraindicated: Steroids, may increased aneurysm