UNIVERSITY OF BOHOL

DR. CECILIO PUTONG ST. TAGBILARAN CITY

BOHOL, PHILIPPINES

NAT SCIENCE 3H
(ECOLOGY/ ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE)

PREPARED BY:
AIANA PANIS
LESTER VINCE PANSA
JASON JED CAJILOG
RONIEL PAGSIAT
DAN AGUSTIN DANGOY
Genetically modified organism
(GMO),
• A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an
organism whose DNA has been modified in
the laboratory in order to favour the
expression of desired physiological traits or
the production of desired biological products.
 Genetically modified organism

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• fungi
• Animals
(Mammals • Fish • Insects)
• Plants
(Maize • Rice • Soybean)
GMO Study Finds No Adverse Effects
on Human Health
Bacteria
Genetically modified
bacteria were the first organisms
to be modified in the laboratory,
due to their simple
genetics.[1] These organisms are
now used for several purposes,
and are particularly important in
producing large amounts of pure
human proteins for use in
medicine
Escherichia coli also known as E.
coli is a Gram-negative, facultative
anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform
bacterium of
the genus Escherichia that is
commonly found in the
lower intestine of warm-
blooded organisms
Most E. coli strains are
harmless, but
some serotypes can cause
serious food poisoning in their
hosts, and are occasionally
responsible for product
recalls due to food
contamination
Viruses
genetically modified virus is a virus that has been
altered or generated using biotechnology methods,
and remains capable of infection. Genetic
modification involves the
directed insertion, deletion, artificial synthesis or
change of nucleotide bases in viral genomes.
Genetically modified viruses are mostly generated by
the insertion of foreign genes intro viral genomes for
the purposes of biomedical, agricultural, bio-control,
or technological objectives. The terms genetically
modified virus and genetically engineered virus are
used synonymously.
 Health applications
• Gene therapy
• Cancer treatment
• Vaccines

Viruses that have been used for gene therapy

• adenovirus
• lentivirus
• retrovirus
• herpes simplex virus
 Genetically modified viruses intended
for use in the environment

• Animals
• Trees
Fungi
Fungi can be used for many of the
same processes as bacteria. For
industrial applications, yeasts
combines the bacterial
advantages of being a single
celled organism that is easy to
manipulate and grow with the
advanced protein modifications
found in eukaryotes
Animals
Genetically modified animals are animals
that have been genetically modified for a
variety of purposes including producing
drugs, enhancing yields, increase
resistance to disease, etc. The vast
majority of genetically modified animals
are at the research stage with the
number close to entering the market
remains small
 Genetically modified
mouse or genetically engineered
mouse model (GEMM)
Mammals
 Genetically modified mammals
are mammals that have been genetically engineered.
They are an important category of genetically
modified organisms. The majority of research
involving genetically modified mammals involves
mice with attempts to produce knockout animals in
other mammalian species limited by the inability to
derive and stably culture embryonic stem cells.
used in research to investigate
changes in phenotype when
specific genes are altered, an be
used to discover the function of
an unknown gene, any genetic
interactions that occur or where
the gene is expressed.
beagle

beagle
The beagle is a breed of
small hound that is similar in
appearance to the much
larger foxhound. The beagle is
a scent hound, developed
primarily
for hunting hare (beagling).,
used as detection dogs
Genetically modified fish (GM fish)
AquAdvantage salmon
AquAdvantage salmon is a genetically
engineered (GE) Atlantic salmon developed
by AquaBounty Technologies in 1989. The
typical growth hormone-regulating gene in
the Atlantic salmon was replaced with the
growth hormone-regulating gene from
Pacific Chinook salmon, with
a promoter sequence from ocean pout. This
gene enables the GM salmon to grow year-
round instead of only during spring and
summer.[1]
Genetically modified insect
Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster is a species
of fly in the family Drosophilidae. e
species is known generally as the common
fruit fly or vinegar fly
they have contributed to understanding
economically important insects and
researching human disease and
development.
Genetically modified plant
Nicotiana (tobacco)
Major advances in tissue culture and plant
cellular mechanisms for a wide range of
plants has originated from systems
developed in tobacco.[2] It was the first
plant to be genetically engineered and is
considered a model organism for not
only genetic engineering, but a range of
other fields.[3] As such the transgenic
tools and procedures are well
established making it one of the easiest
plants to transform.
Genetically modified maize
Specific maize strains have
been genetically engineered to
express agriculturally-
desirable traits, including resistance
to pests and to herbicides. Maize
strains with both traits are now in
use in multiple countries. GM maize
has also caused controversy with
respect to possible health effects,
impact on other insects and impact
on other plants via gene flow
Golden rice
 Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza
sativa) produced through genetic
engineering to biosynthesize beta-
carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in
the edible parts of rice golden rice
was considered a significant
breakthrough in biotechnology, as
the researchers had engineered an
entire biosynthetic pathway.