“Biofuels as Green Energy for Pakistan”

Prof. Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad

mushtaqflora@hotmail.com
(QAU, PIFI-CAS-CIB, GBIF, IUCN)

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 QAU-Pakistan
Top Ranking University of the Country since 2007 to date
Included in Top 500 Universities of the World (2020)
Included in Top 100 Universities of Asia (2020)
Included in top 50 Universities of Islamic World (2020)

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• Pakistan lies between 23-27O N and 61-81o E with a
total area of 804,152 Sq km.
• In the south it is bound by Arabian Sea and in the
north by some of the highest peaks of the world,
K2, Sharing Himalayas with China.
• Geologically Pakistan is of recent origin.
• Unique phytogeography, floral and cultural
diversity
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 Gymnosperms
Families 4
Genera 7
Species 21

Angiosperms
Families 217
Genera 1391
Species 5679
Flowering Plant Families 221
Genera ± 1398
Species ± 5700

Non-Edible Oil Seed Species = 220

 Plant diversity for Food,
Medicine and Energy

Energy
Food security Health security security
Wild fruits Herbal drugs Bio-fuels
& & &
Vegetables Disease Clean
Feed management environment
Heal Fuel

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 Focal Research projects (QAU)

Plant diversity: Medicinal Biomass

Systematics, Plants: energy:
Ethnopharmacology, Herbal Biofuels,
Biodiversity Pharmaceutics, Nanotechnology
conservation, Nutraceutics, &
Herbarium Cosmaceutcis, Cleaner
digitization Green Medicinal Environment
Chemistry

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Deosai Plateau – Alpine Biodiversity
Baltoro glacier
Saiful muluk during June – Muluk National Park
Tolipir most popular – Tolipir National Park
Moist Temperate Biodiversity: Kalam Valley

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Plant Biodiversity in Salt Range (Punjab)

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 Biodiversity in Deserts of Sindh Pakistan
Introduction

Aims of the
Contents
Study

Methodology

Results

Future Planning
 Vision: Green Biodiversity to Green energy for
Pakistan- Non edible Oil Seeds Biodiversity

– Production technology: Environment friendly

– Institutions collaboration
–R&D
– Universities
– Farmer lands
– Marginal, Saline and Water Logged Soil
– Industries
– Local communities

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 Research Areas
– Identification of new plant resource for
biodiesel.
– Seed collection.
– Seed pressing and extraction of oil
– Transesterification
– Chemical analysis
– Biodiesel blends
– Biodiesel byproducts

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 National energy needs are increasing

 Increasing population & developing

economy

 Supply-demand gap widening

 Energy imported

Contd..
 Main energy sources
 Gas
 Oil
 Petrol
 Diesel
 Hydro (large-scale)
 Most of our energy is fossil-fuel-based

Contd..
Why Biofuel as Green Energy
• Fast depletion of fossil fuel resources

• Global warming

•Hazardous emissions of fossil fuels

• Shortage and crisis of energy

• Supply chain mechanism

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 BIO-DIESEL IN PAKISTAN
• Flora of Pakistan is diverse with rich
biodiversity of natural resources with
special reference to oil yielding plants.
• History of bio diesel in Pakistan.
• Bio diesel producing plants in Pakistan.

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 Production technology at QAU
 Cultivation techniques and agronomic practices
 Harvesting mechanism
 Oil extraction process (Mechanical, chemical and
supercritical)
 Conversion techniques
 Acid- base catalysts
 Green Nano-catalysts
 Enzymatic
 Super-critical
 Ultra-sonic

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 Steps in Biodiesel Production
 Identification of plant resources
 Sowing and cultivation
 Harvesting and collection
 Oil extraction
 Oil Cakes
 Transesterification
 Heating of Crude oil
 Cooling
 Mixing of Sodium Methoxide
 Settling
 Separation of Glycerin and Soap
 Washing
 Storage of biodiesel

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 Chemical standards of Biodiesel
• Kinematic Viscosity
• Specific Gravity
• Flash Point
• Pour Point
• Cloud point
• Cetane index
• Coloration
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Impact Factor 5.48

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 Pakistan has several indigenous plant
species that are fit for Bio-diesel production

 Criteria for selection of Bio-diesel resources

 Must be native

 Non-competing with food crops & agricultural

land or threatened to biodiversity

 Rich oil contents

Contd..
Energy crops Diversity for Green Fuel: 2019:IF 10.50

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Impact Factor 10.50

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QAU Botanical Garden: Cultivation

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Ricinus communis

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Ricinus communis

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Pongamia pinnata (Pongame)

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Seeds

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Sowing & Cultivation

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Jatropha curcas

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Jatropha curcas (Jatropha)

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Distaff Thistle : A novel source for biodiesel

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Impact factor 6.5

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Hemp Oil Biodiesel

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Impact Factor: 9.78

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Couroupita guianensis

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Oil Extraction

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Electric Oil Expeller

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Electric Expeller

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Oil Cake

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Crude Oil

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Transesterification

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Impact Factor: 6.90

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BIODIESEL KIT AT QAU

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Glycerin

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Soap

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Biodiesel

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Biodiesel samples

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 Green Nano-technology for Green Energy
• Fast Synthesis of biomass energy
• Extraction using supercritical, Ultrasonic assisted
techniques
• Characterization XRD , SEM, TEM, EDX, GC-MS,
NMR, FTIR & TLC
• Bioprocessing & Biosynthesis of Biodiesel by
products
• Nano-catalysts and Green synthesis

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Thin Layer Chromatography of
Pongamia pinnata

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Thin Layer Chromatography of
Ricinus communis

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Biodiesel Lab at QAU

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Biofuels

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Samples of Seeds

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Samples of Oil, Soap & Glycerin

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Nanotechnology for biomass energy IF: 5.64 (2018)

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Pak-China joint Energy crops Research: 2017:IF 10.50

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Impact Factor: 6.40

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Impact Factor 1.64

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Students working on biodiesel

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Contd..
 Mega Tree Plantation

– Nursery
– Pakistan Tobacco Company (PTC) Nursery
– Railway department
– Highway
–R&D
– Universities
– Farmer lands

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 Green Pakistan with Pongame

• Mega Tree Plantation Plan

• Agricultural support by PTC
• Land provision by Railways

• 12000 trees in Sihala Railway Station

• 500000 trees in Margalla Railway Station
• 50000 trees in Risal Pur Railway Station
• 5000 trees in UAAR
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 Outputs of the project

– Establishment of Bio-Diesel Lab in QAU

– Industry academia collaboration produce more
human resource that will be up to date with
industry trends and requirements and will be
readily absorbed in the industry.
– Research by private and government sectors
– Practical training of PhD and M.Phil students.
– Research publications

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QAU-Guangzhou energy centre, IF: 10.50 (2018)

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Nanotechnology for biofeul IF: 3.64 (2018)

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QAU-Guangzhou energy centre, IF: 8.1 (2018)

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Biodiesel-bioethanol production, IF: 6.1 (2017)

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Best Book Award by HEC

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Book: 2017

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Gold Medal Award by PAS

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CAS-PIFI- Distinguished Caliber Scientist Award: China (2018)

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Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Best Young Research Scholar-2019

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 Progress Up to 2020
Research Projects
Supervision HEC:10
Publications CAS:2
560 Ph.D: 25
M.Phil:93 NAS: 1
Citations TWAS:1
MSc: 55
7500 GBIF: 2
IF: 650 PAS: 1
Memberships Awards Innovations
PAS PAS Gold Medal Digital Herbarium
PBS TWAS-USM Biofuel Lab
TWAS Young Fellow Nutraceutical Lab
RPA Pak-China
ISE CAS Distinguished
ABS Ethnomedicine
Scientist
center
IUCN

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Dedication to My Respected Sir Prof. Dr. Mir Ajab Khan

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Long live Pakistan
THANKS

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